Head injury and 25‐year risk of dementia
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Head injury is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Long‐term associations of head injury with dementia in community‐based populations are less clear. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 14,376 participants (mean age 54 years at baseline, 56% female, 27% Black, 24% with head injury) enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Head injury was defined using self‐report and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision (ICD‐9/10) codes. Dementia was defined using cognitive assessments, informant interviews, and ICD‐9/10 and death certificate codes. Results: Head injury was associated with risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3‐1.57), with evidence of dose‐response (1 head injury: HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.13‐1.39, 2+ head injuries: HR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.86‐2.46). There was evidence for stronger associations among female participants (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.51‐1.90) versus male participants (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.00‐1.32), P‐for‐interaction < .001, and among White participants (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.40‐1.72) versus Black participants (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02‐1.45), P‐for‐interaction = .008. Discussion: In this community‐based cohort with 25‐year follow‐up, head injury was associated with increased dementia risk in a dose‐dependent manner, with stronger associations among female participants and White participants.
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Traumatic brain injury is associated with an increased risk of dementia.
“TBI is associated with an increased risk of dementia.[178][179][180]”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [180]
The likelihood of dementia rises as the count of traumatic brain injuries a person has sustained increases.
“The risk of dementia increases with the number of TBIs sustained.178,180”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [180]
TBI is associated with an increased risk of dementia.
“TBI is associated with an increased risk of dementia.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [194]
The risk of dementia increases with the number of TBIs sustained.
“The risk of dementia increases with the number of TBIs sustained.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [194]
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2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13016 · Cited by 3,212 · see citing works
2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schneider, A. L. C., Selvin, E., Latour, L., Turtzo, L. C., Coresh, J., Mosley, T., Ling, G., & Gottesman, R. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (US)
- University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schneider, Andrea L. C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-03-09
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1432-1441
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC9422954
- OpenAlex
- W3135634970
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 9.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01hl096899-08, 5u01hl096902-08)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HHSN268201700004I, K24HL152440, HHSN268201700001I, HHSN268201700005C, HHSN268201700003I, U01HL096814, U01-HL-096899, HHSN268201700005I, U01-HL-096902, HHSN268201700001C, U01HL096917, HHSN268201700002I, HHSN268201700003C, HHSN268201700002C, R01HL070825, HHSN268201700004C, U01HL096812)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (ZIANS003120)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, dementia risk
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Dementia, Female, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States, Atherosclerosis
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