Cited by 93Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsMenopause: Health Impacts and Treatments

Risk factors for dementia in Brazil: differences by region and race

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Suemoto, Claudia K., Mukadam, Naaheed, Brucki, Sonia M.D., Caramelli, Paulo, Nitrini, Ricardo, Laks, Jerson, Livingston, Gill, Ferri, Cleusa P.·2023·Alzheimer's & Dementia

Abstract

Introduction: Twelve risk factors (RFs) account for 40% of dementia cases worldwide. However, most data for population attributable fractions (PAFs) are from high‐income countries (HIC). We estimated how much these RFs account for dementia cases in Brazil, stratifying estimates by race and socioeconomic level. Methods: We calculated the prevalence and communalities of 12 RFs using 9412 Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging participants, then stratified according to self‐reported race and country macro‐regions. Results: The overall weighted PAF was 48.2%. Less education had the largest PAF (7.7%), followed by hypertension (7.6%), and hearing loss (6.8%). PAF was 49.0% and 54.0% in the richest and poorest regions, respectively. PAFs were similar among White and Black individuals (47.8% and 47.2%, respectively) but the importance of the main RF varied by race. Discussion: Brazil's potential for dementia prevention is higher than in HIC. Education, hypertension, and hearing loss should be priority targets.

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Crossref · 10.1002/alz.12820

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  • There is a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol, less education, traumatic brain injury and exposure to air pollution in those from lower socioeconomic groups in high-income countries, and with lower income level.

    “There is a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol, less education, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and exposure to air pollution in those from lower socioeconomic groups in HICs, and with lower income level.(48-50)”

    From Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission (2024) · cites this paper as [48]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports a higher combined dementia-risk-factor burden in poorer Brazilian regions and identifies less education as their most important factor. It does not establish that every listed factor is more prevalent among lower socioeconomic groups or lower-income people in high-income countries; the study’s regional comparison is in Brazil. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  1. [35]35. Cruz MSd, Bernal RTI, Claro RM. Trends in leisure-time physical activity in Brazilian adults (2006-2016). Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2018;34: e00114817.

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Authors
Suemoto, C. K., Mukadam, N., Brucki, S. M. D., Caramelli, P., Nitrini, R., Laks, J., Livingston, G., & Ferri, C. P.
Affiliations
  • Division of Geriatrics Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
  • University College London (GB)
  • Department of Neurology Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
  • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
  • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
  • Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz (BR)
Venue
Alzheimer's & Dementia
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-11-03
Volume
19
Issue
5
Pages
1849-1857
ISSN
  • 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-5279
OpenAlex
W4308052780
Cited by
93
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 1
FWCI
13.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Keywords
dementia risk factors, population attributable fraction
MeSH terms
Brazil, Dementia, Humans, Hypertension, Longitudinal Studies, Risk Factors, Hearing Loss

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