The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inhibition of autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a tetracycline
Abstract
We have explored the use of minocycline, a tetracycline with antiinflammatory properties, to treat chronic relapsing-remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Therapeutic treatment with minocycline dramatically suppresses ongoing disease activity and limits disease progression. Disease suppression is associated with immune deviation in the periphery and with suppression of the inflammatory cascade in the central nervous system. This association is demonstrated by inhibition of microglial activation and metalloproteinase-2 expression, which results in a concomitant decrease in inflammation and demyelination. As an established antiinflammatory drug with neuroprotective properties, minocycline may provide a novel therapeutic agent for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Additionally, MS patients that were treated with the antibiotic minocycline, a broad-spectrum tetracycline, have reduced rate of relapses and amelioration of several immunological parameters (such as IL-12p40, metalloproteinase-9, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) (145, 146).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [146]
Citations
Cites
Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis
Trapp, B. D., Peterson, J., Ransohoff, R. M., Rudick, R., Mörk, S., & Bö, L. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801293380502 · Cited by 4,029
Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases
Liblau, R., Singer, S. M., & McDevitt, H. O. (1995) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(95)80068-9 · Cited by 1,111
Chen, M., Ona, V. O., Li, M., Ferrante, R. J., Fink, K., Zhu, S., Bian, J., Guo, L., Farrell, L. A., Hersch, S. M., et al. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/77528 · Cited by 1,060
Yrjänheikki, J., Kauppinen, T. M., Keinänen, R., Goldsteins, G., Chan, P. H., & Koıstınaho, J. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.23.13496 · Cited by 1,040
Tetracyclines inhibit microglial activation and are neuroprotective in global brain ischemia
Yrjänheikki, J., Keinänen, R., Pellikka, M., Hökfelt, T., & Koistinaho, J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15769 · Cited by 1,006
MICROGLIA AS MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
González-Scarano, F., & Baltuch, G. (1999) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.219 · Cited by 984
Tikka, T., Fiebich, B. L., Goldsteins, G., Keinänen, R., & Koistinaho, J. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-08-02580.2001 · Cited by 958
Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Kornek, B., Storch, M. K., Weissert, R., Wallstroem, E., Stefferl, A., Olsson, T. P., Linington, C., Schmidbauer, M., & Lassmann, H. (2000) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64537-3 · Cited by 935
Self-citationGlutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis
Pitt, D., Werner, P., & Raine, C. S. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/71555 · Cited by 744
Matrix metalloproteinases and diseases of the CNS
Yong, V. W., Forsyth, P. A., Bell, R. B., Krekoski, C. A., & Edwards, D. R. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01169-7 · Cited by 635
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–295 of 295
Central Nervous System Injury and Neuroprotection
Bonifacio, S. L., Gonzalez, F. F., & Ferriero, D. M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0134-0.10061-7 · Cited by 16
Wei, J., Liu, C., Qin, D., Ren, F., Duan, J., Chen, T., & Wu, A. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102544 · Cited by 15
Shi, Y., Chen, Y., Pan, Y., Chen, G., Xiao, Z., Chen, X., Wang, M., & Liang, D. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112703 · Cited by 14
Immunological mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
Irani, D. N. (2005) · Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cair.2005.06.001 · Cited by 14
Future neuroprotective strategies
Sättler, M. B., & Bähr, M. (2009) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.08.016 · Cited by 14
Emerging therapies in multiple sclerosis
Farrell, R. A., Heaney, D. C., & Giovannoni, G. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1517/14728214.10.4.797 · Cited by 14
Latronico, T., & Liuzzi, G. M. (2017) · Metalloproteinases In Medicine · doi:10.2147/mnm.s88655 · Cited by 13
Minocycline Protects PC12 Cells Against Cadmium-Induced Neurotoxicity by Modulating Apoptosis
Shayan, M., Mehri, S., Razavi, B. M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2022) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-022-03305-4 · Cited by 14
Polymer: Bioceramic composites optimization by tetracycline addition
Pataro, A. L., Oliveira, M. F., Teixeira, K. I. R., Turchetti-Maia, R. M. M., Lopes, M. T. P., Wykrota, F. H. L., Sinisterra, R. D., & Cortés, M. E. (2006) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.038 · Cited by 13
Steensel, M. A. M. V. (2004) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.040 · Cited by 13
Chauhan, P., Kakkar, A. K., Singh, H., & Gautam, C. S. (2021) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2020.1838276 · Cited by 12
Tsai, Y., & Tsai, T. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease · doi:10.1177/1759720x20947296 · Cited by 12
Microglia at the Centre of Brain Research: Accomplishments and Challenges for the Future
Soares, N. L., & Vieira, H. L. A. (2021) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-021-03456-1 · Cited by 14
Tetracycline Derivatives as Anti-inflammatory Agents and Potential Agents in Stroke Treatment
Koıstınaho, J., Yrjänheikki, J., Kauppinen, T. M., & Koistinaho, M. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-05426-0_6 · Cited by 12
Calabrese, E. J., Bhatia, T. N., Calabrese, V., Dhawan, G., Giordano, J., Hanekamp, Y. N., Kapoor, R., Kozumbo, W. J., & Leak, R. K. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104371 · Cited by 12
Herrmann, I., Kellert, M., Spreer, A., Gerber, J., Eiffert, H., Prinz, M., & Nau, R. (2006) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkl446 · Cited by 12
Himmel, L. E., Lustberg, M. B., DeVries, A. C., Poi, M. J., Chen, C., & Kulp, S. K. (2016) · Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.etp.2016.08.001 · Cited by 11
Wang, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Feng, Q., Yang, P., & Qin, L. (2019) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.576994 · Cited by 11
Minocycline as a Neuroprotective Agent in Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells
Shayan, M., Mehri, S., Razavi, B. M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2022) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-022-03376-3 · Cited by 11
Yılmaz, İ., Adıgüzel, E., Akdoğan, I., Kaya, E., & Hatip‐Al‐Khatib, I. (2006) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.02.027 · Cited by 11
Dunn, J. S., Nagi, S. S., & Mahns, D. A. (2020) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1558 · Cited by 10
The Gut-Brain Axis in Autoimmune Diseases: Emerging Insights and Therapeutic Implications
Khawar, M. M., Ijaz, S., Goyal, P., Kandambige, D., Sharifa, M., Maslamani, A. N. J., Kutabi, S. A., Saleh, I., Albshir, M. M., Almadhoun, M. K. I. K., et al. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.48655 · Cited by 11
Influence of antibacterial drugs on the immune system
Labro, M. T. (2005) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-7643-7408-x_23 · Cited by 10
Gámez, J. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Inflammatory Dermatoses
Czerwińśka, J., & Owczarczyk-Saczonek, A. B. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262110319 · Cited by 9
Makar, T. K., Nimmagadda, V. K. C., Patibandla, G. K., Le, T., Judge, S. I. V., Trisler, D. N., & Bever, C. T. (2012) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.07.005 · Cited by 9
Bhattacharjee, A., Purohit, P., & Roy, P. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.917867 · Cited by 9
Matrix Metalloproteinases, Synaptic Injury, and Multiple Sclerosis
Szklarczyk, A., & Conant, K. E. (2010) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00130 · Cited by 9
Erickson, C. A., Shaffer, R. C., Will, M., Schmitt, L., Horn, P. S., Hirst, K., Pedapati, E. V., Ober, N., Tumuluru, R. V., Handen, B. L., et al. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06132-1 · Cited by 9
The Neuroprotective Effect of Inflammation: Implications for the Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis
Hohlfeld, R., Kerschensteiner, M., Stadelmann, C., Lassmann, H., & Wekerle, H. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-27626-2_3 · Cited by 8
Administration of minocycline ameliorates damage in a renal ischemia/reperfusion injury model
Xia, D., Shen, K., Zhong, W., & Pan, H. (2011) · Clinical and investigative medicine · doi:10.25011/cim.v34i1.15101 · Cited by 8
Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis
Lim, E. T., & Giovannoni, G. (2005) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.5.3.379 · Cited by 7
Abdurasulova, I. N., Тарасова, Е. А., Ермоленко, Е. И., Eliseev, A. V., Matsulevich, A. V., Бисага, Г. Н., Skulyabin, D. I., Suvorov, A. N., & Клименко, В. М. (2015) · Medical academic journal · doi:10.17816/maj15355-67 · Cited by 7
Texture Analysis of MR Images of Minocycline Treated MS Patients
Zhang, Y., Zhu, H., Ferrari, R. J., Wei, X., Eliasziw, M., Metz, L. M., & Mitchell, J. R. (2003) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-39899-8_96 · Cited by 7
Isacco, C. G., Ballini, A., Vito, D. D., Inchingolo, A. M., Cantore, S., Paduanelli, G., Nguyen, K. C. D., Inchingolo, A. D., Dipalma, G., & Inchingolo, F. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.88601 · Cited by 7
Minocycline may attenuate postherpetic neuralgia
Zhang, Q., Peng, L., & Zhang, D. (2009) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.04.028 · Cited by 6
Minocycline Directly Enhances the Self-Renewal of Adult Neural Precursor Cells
Kuroda, A., Fuchigami, T., Fuke, S., Koyama, N., Ikenaka, K., & Hitoshi, S. (2017) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-017-2422-6 · Cited by 6
Sainz, Á., García‐Sancho, M., Rodríguez‐Franco, F., Andrés, M. I. S., Rodríguez, C., Lucas, J. J. D., Andrés, M. D. S., Agulla, B., & Villaescusa, A. (2021) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.022 · Cited by 6
Advancement of therapies for neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis
Lo, A. (2008) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.8.9.1355 · Cited by 6
Kauppinen, A., Salminen, A., & Kaarniranta, K. (2013) · Inflammasome · doi:10.2478/infl-2013-0002 · Cited by 5
Raghib, M. F., & Bernitsas, E. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11113069 · Cited by 5
Tactile Learning within the Early Phase of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice
Ayoobi, F., Fatemi, I., Roohbakhsh, A., & Shamsizadeh, A. (2013) · Neurophysiology · doi:10.1007/s11062-013-9373-6 · Cited by 5
Waubant, E. L. (2007) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/s0035-3787(07)90481-6 · Cited by 5
Evolving Therapies For Multiple Sclerosis
Korniychuk, E., Dempster, J. M., O’Connor, E. M., Alexander, J. S., Kelley, R. E., Kenner, M., Menon, U., Misra, V., Hoque, R., Gonzalez‐Toledo, E., et al. (2007) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(07)79025-6 · Cited by 5
Minocycline Mitigation of Tremor Syndrome and Defect of Cognitive and Balance Induced by Harmaline
Department of Physiology, P. R. C., Maneshian, M., Nasirinezhad, F., Department of Physiology, P. R. C., Mohammadi, F., Intracellular Recording Lab, N. R. C., Behzadi, M., Intracellular Recording Lab, N. R. C., Asadi-Shekaari, M., Intracellular Recording Lab, N. R. C., et al. (2021) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.32598/bcn.12.2.1980.1 · Cited by 4
Melink, Z., Lustberg, M. B., Schnell, P., Mezzanotte-Sharpe, J., & Orchard, T. (2024) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-024-07457-w · Cited by 4
“Pleiotropic” Effects of Antibiotics: New Modulators in Human Diseases
Airola, C., Severino, A., Spinelli, I., Gasbarrini, A., Cammarota, G., Ianiro, G., & Ponziani, F. R. (2024) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics13121176 · Cited by 6
Lung Transplantation for Sarcoidosis
Judson, M. A. (2005) · Lung biology in health and disease · doi:10.1201/b13773-35 · Cited by 4
Abdurasulova, I. N., Тарасова, Е. А., Matsulevich, A. V., Eliseev, A. V., Ермоленко, Е. И., Suvorov, A. N., & Клименко, В. М. (2017) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-017-0401-7 · Cited by 4
C10 Influence of antibacterial drugs on the immune system
Labro, M. T. (2011) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0136-8_25 · Cited by 4
Use of Tetracyclines for Bone Metastases
Seidlitz, E. P., Saikali, Z., & Singh, G. (2005) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-892-7:293 · Cited by 4
Emerging disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis
Waubant, E. L. (2003) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1517/14728214.8.1.145 · Cited by 4
The prospects for neuroprotection in MS.
Hohlfeld, R. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Saha, P., Saha, R., Chaudhuri, R. D., Sarkar, R., Sarkar, M., Koley, H., & Chawla‐Sarkar, M. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16081317 · Cited by 3
Can tetracyclines ensure help in Multiple Sclerosis immunotherapy?
Costa, P. V. D. C., Thomé, R., & Rapôso, C. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Research · doi:10.18053/jctres.07.202101.010 · Cited by 3
Minocycline Attenuates Kidney Injury in a Rat Model Of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy
Yuan, H., Zhao, D., & Zhang, B. (2016) · International Conference on Biomedical and Biological Engineering (BBE) · doi:10.2991/bbe-16.2016.41 · Cited by 3
Study on Serum Cholinesterase as Marker of Chronic Liver Disease
Aboughazala, L. M. (2020) · Al-Azhar University Journal of Virus Researches and Studies · doi:10.21608/aujv.2020.106729 · Cited by 2
Illés, Z., Lassmann, H., & Gallyas, F. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7953-6_15 · Cited by 2
Doxycycline in autoimmune central nervous system disorders in children: an in vitro study
Anlar, B., Şenbil, N., & Güven, A. (2007) · The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.24953/turkjpediatr.2007.2550 · Cited by 2
Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis
Stangel, M., Pul, R., Skripuletz, T., Trebst, C., Voß, E. V., & Gudi, V. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384913-7.00009-5 · Cited by 3
Mostafa, M. A. (2020) · Al-Azhar University Journal of Virus Researches and Studies · doi:10.21608/aujv.2020.106725 · Cited by 2
Mechanism of Therapy for Sarcoidosis
Petrache, I., & Möller, D. R. (2005) · Lung biology in health and disease · doi:10.1201/b13773-32 · Cited by 2
Park, J., Jeong, D., Zhang, D., Kim, S., Cho, S., Cho, S., Yi, H., Shim, J., Kim, J.-S., El‐Aty, A. M. A., et al. (2016) · Applied Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s13765-016-0158-7 · Cited by 2
An open-label, evaluator-blinded study
Lampl, Y., Boaz, M., Gilad, R., Lorberboym, M., Dabby, R., Rapoport, A. M., Mihăilescu, A., & Sadeh, M. (2007) · Cited by 2
Karley, D., Nayak, K. K., & Kolla, V. (2024) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003160663-17 · Cited by 1
Abdurasulova, I. N., Matsulevich, A. V., Grefner, N. M., Трофимов, А. Н., Kudryavtsev, I. V., & Ermolenko, E. I. (2025) · Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0022093025050059 · Cited by 1
Early Phase Trials of Minocycline in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Gordon, P. H., Choi, J. D. W., Moore, D. H., & Miller, R. G. (2006) · Progress in Neurotherapeutics and Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1748232105000078 · Cited by 1
Proteases in CNS Infection and Inflammation
Kieseier, B., & Bernal, F. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-23101-3_5 · Cited by 1
Birnbaum, G., Leist, T. P., & LUBLIN, F. D. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000275226.67269.a3 · Cited by 1
Espejo, C., & Martinꝉ, R. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470101001.hcn066 · Cited by 1
Multiple Sklerose: potenzielle Therapieansätze und Update laufender Studien
Wiendl, H., Lehmann, H. C., Hohlfeld, R., Hartung, H., & Kieseier, B. C. (2004) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-003-1665-4 · Cited by 1
Mostafa, M. (2020) · doi:10.21467/preprints.43 · Cited by 1
Lessons from the Past and Future Approaches for Immunologic Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis
Wiendl, H., Melzer, N., Kleinschnitz, C., & Meuth, S. G. (2009) · Blue books of neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6068-0.00020-6
Pataro, A. L. (2005) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Inmunomodulación por agentes antimicrobianos en modelos experimentales de inmunocompromiso
Hernández, A., & Angeles, M. R. (2011) · Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)
Repair and Neuroprotective Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis
Dangond, F. (2005) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-855-2:193
Antel, J. P., & Miron, V. E. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2218-1_9
Thiele, S., Hirneiß, C., Neubauer, A. S., ULBIG, M. W., Kampik, A., & München, L.-M.-U. (2010)
Minocycline in Cerebral Ischemia and Excitotoxicity
Koıstınaho, J., & Koistinaho, M. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30383-3_14
Neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis
Nath, A., & Calabresi, P. A. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139023986.049
Daryani, S., Farzaei, A., Hosseinmardi, N., Bahrami, F., & Janahmadi, M. (2016)
Neue, experimentelle und zukünftige Therapieansätze
Aktaş, O., Wandinger, K., & Zipp, F. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-343722081-4.50022-8
Grupke, S. L., & Fraser, J. F. (2017) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781788012539-00242
The role of PPARγ in myeloid cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Floßdorf, J. (2013) · bonndoc (University of Bonn)
(2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-07271-0.50022-7
Stressor and cytokine interactions : implications in depressive-like pathology
Gibb, J. (2011) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2011-09658
Neurobiology of Neuroimmune Encephalitic Disorders
Laje, G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_167-1
Neurobiology of Neuroimmune Encephalitic Disorders
Laje, G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_167
Minocycline ameliorates CNS autoimmunity through restraint of CD4+CD11bc+ cells
Milosavljević, Z., Lazarević, M. N., Stegnjaić, G., Nikolovski, N., Mirković, K., Lodygin, D., Flügel, A., Miljković, Đ., Stanisavljević, S., & Jevtić, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1823730
Clinical trials of multiple sclerosis therapies
Cohen, J. A., & Rudick, R. A. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139023986.028
Review of Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies for MS
Wiendl, H., & Hohlfeld, R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-36003-4_14
Metadata
- Authors
- Popovic, N., Schubart, A., Goetz, B. D., Zhang, S., Linington, C., & Duncan, I. D.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-12-21
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 215-223
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2085429548
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Keywords
- minocycline, tetracycline, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, anti-inflammatory therapy, microglial activation, MMP-2, demyelination, neuroprotection, immune deviation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Brain, Chronic Disease, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Female, Immunization, Minocycline, Myelin Proteins, Recurrence, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein, Rats, Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review