Report of the APOE4 National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project Consortium Working Group: Reducing APOE4 in Carriers is a Therapeutic Goal for Alzheimer’s Disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The apolipoprotein E4 gene (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for AD. In 2023, the APOE4 National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project working group came together to gather data and discuss the question of whether to reduce or increase APOE4 as a therapeutic intervention for AD. It was the unanimous consensus that cumulative data from multiple studies in humans and animal models support that lowering APOE4 should be a target for therapeutic approaches for APOE4 carriers. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:625–634
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C-terminal ApoE biology, including lipidation and self-association, is not merely correlative but is closely tied to pathogenesis and may inform future APOE-directed therapeutic strategies.
“Together, these data support a model in which C-terminal ApoE biology, including lipidation and self-association, is not merely correlative but is closely tied to pathogenesis and may inform future APOE-directed therapeutic strategies 2,17 .”
From Association of Rare <i>APOE</i> Missense Variants R189C and W276C With Risk of Alzheimer Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
The sections on cellular and animal studies and endolysosomal pathways link APOE4-related lipid dysregulation and altered protein solubility to Alzheimer’s pathology. The Discussion also proposes APOE-directed therapeutic approaches. However, the cited paper does not establish the claim’s specific link between C-terminal lipidation or self-association and pathogenesis; searches for those terms found no such passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn 2024, a consensus panel concluded that lowering APOE4 levels is a reasonable approach to prevent or slow down AD progression.
“in 2024 a consensus panel191 concluded that lowering APOE4 levels is a reasonable approach to prevent or slow down AD progression.”
From Multifaceted roles of APOE in Alzheimer disease (2024) · cites this paper as [191]
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Multifaceted roles of APOE in Alzheimer disease
Jackson, R. J., Hyman, B. T., & Serrano-Pozo, A. (2024) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-024-00988-2 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationCurrent insights into apolipoprotein E and the immune response in Alzheimer's disease
Lin, P. B., & Holtzman, D. M. (2024) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13414 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationHernandez Arriaza, R., Reil, D., Fatuzzo, N., Fu, M., Dai, Y., Fernandez Martinez, D., Jiang, H., Holtzman, D. M., Greicius, M. D., & Khosla, C. (2025) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00503 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Rare <i>APOE</i> Missense Variants R189C and W276C With Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Le Guen, Y., Reil, D., Jackson, R. J., Peña-Tauber, A., Khosla, C., & Greicius, M. D. (2026) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.08.26352778
Self-citation
- Authors
- Vance, J. M., Farrer, L. A., Huang, Y., Cruchaga, C., Hyman, B. T., Pericak‐Vance, M. A., Goate, A. M., Greicius, M. D., Griswold, A. J., Haines, J. L., TCW, J., Schellenberg, G. D., Tsai, L., Herz, J., & Holtzman, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Boston University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Holtzman, David M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-01-05
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 625-634
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W4390618042
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 9
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (RF1AG059018, U01AG072579, U19AG074865)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- APOE ε4, Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein E, APOE ε4 carriers, therapeutic target, genetic risk factors, animal models of Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Goals, Humans, United States, Apolipoprotein E4, National Institute on Aging (U.S.)
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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