Guidelines for the use of magnetic resonance techniques in monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Abstract
Because of the major difficulties in measuring clinical end points in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment trials, there has been much enthusiasm for using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as an alternative outcome. To provide international consensus guidelines for the use of MRI in MS clinical trials, a task force of the US National MS Society was convened. The recommendations of the task force are presented in this review. Given the high sensitivity for detecting pathological activity in relapsing‐remitting and secondary progressive MS, monthly T2‐weighted and gadoliniumenhanced brain MRI is an excellent tool for short‐term exploratory trials of new agents where it serves as the primary end point; in particular, failure to demonstrate a reduction in lesion activity avoids the time, cost, and risks of a larger clinical end point study. However, conventional MRI findings have a limited correlation with disability in established MS. The primary end point of a definitive trial should therefore be clinical, although serial MRI at 6‐ to 12‐month intervals is a useful secondary end point in providing an index of pathological progression. In trials of patients presenting with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of MS, MRI findings can be used in the entry criteria, and as a secondary outcome measure, but conversion to clinically definite MS should be the primary outcome. The pathological substrates of irreversible disability are demyelination and axonal loss. Putative magnetic resonance markers for these processes include decreased N‐acetylaspartate on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, decreased magnetization transfer ratios, hypointensity on T1‐weighted images, and loss of short T2 water fractions, some of which relate more closely to disability than conventional MRI findings. Further technical developments should lead to more accurate quantitation, greater pathological specificity, and stronger clinical correlations.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Growdon et al. found that while the prevalence of APOE ε4 was greater in AD patients than controls, the rate of clinical progression in patients with established AD was not different for ε4 carriers vs ε4 non-carriers.
“With regard to APOE genotype, our results are in agreement with those of Growdon et al [41, 42] who found that while the prevalence of APOE ∈4 was greater in AD patients than controls, the rate of clinical progression in patients with established AD was not different for ∈4 carriers vs ∈4 non-carriers.”
From Rate of medial temporal lobe atrophy in typical aging and Alzheimer's disease (1998) · cites this paper as [42]
Cites
Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
Kurtzke, J. F. (1983) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444 · Cited by 15,011 · see citing works
New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines for research protocols
Poser, C. M., Paty, D. W., Scheinberg, L., McDonald, W. I., Davis, F. A., Ebers, G. C., Johnson, K. P., Sibley, W. A., Silberberg, D. H., & Tourtellotte, W. W. (1983) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410130302 · Cited by 7,384 · see citing works
Self-citationAutomatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space
Collins, D. L., Neelin, P., Peters, T. M., & Evans, A. C. (1994) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199403000-00005 · Cited by 3,431 · see citing works
Interferon beta‐1b is effective in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.4.655 · Cited by 2,085 · see citing works
Interferon beta‐1b is effective in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Paty, D. W., Li, D. K. B., the UBC MS/MRI Study Group, & the IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.4.662 · Cited by 1,964 · see citing works
Self-citationInterferon beta‐lb in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and the University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.7.1277 · Cited by 971 · see citing works
In vivo visualization of myelin water in brain by magnetic resonance
MacKay, A. L., Whittall, K. P., Adler, J., Li, D. K. B., Paty, D. W., & Graeb, D. A. (1994) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910310614 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Self-citationDousset, V., Grossman, R. I., Ramer, K., Schnall, M. D., YOUNG, L. H. Y., González‐Scarano, F., Lavi, E., & Cohen, J. A. (1992) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.182.2.1732968 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Beck, R. W., Cleary, P. A., Trobe, J. D., Kaufman, D. I., Kupersmith, M. J., Paty, D. W., & Brown, C. H. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199312093292403 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Self-citationSerial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in acute multiple sclerosis lesions
Davie, C. A., Hawkins, C. P., Barker, G. J., Brennan, A., Tofts, P. S., Miller, D. H., & McDonald, W. I. (1994) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/117.1.49 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelation of magnetic resonance imaging with neuropsychological testing in multiple sclerosis
Rao, S. M., Leo, G. J., Haughton, V. M., Aubin-Faubert, P. S., & Bernardin, L. (1989) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.39.2.161 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Major differences in the dynamics of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Thompson, A. J., Kermode, A. G., Wicks, D., MacManus, D. G., Kendall, B. E., Kingsley, D. P. E., & McDonald, W. I. (1991) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410290111 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF NMR IMAGING IN THE ASSESSMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND ISOLATED NEUROLOGICAL LESIONS
Ormerod, I. E., Miller, D. H., McDonald, W. I., BOULAY, E. P. G. H. D., Rudge, P., Kendall, B. E., MOSELEY, I. F., Johnson, G., Tofts, P. S., Halliday, A. M., et al. (1987) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/110.6.1579 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citationKatz, D., Taubenberger, J. K., Cannella, B., McFarlin, D. E., Raine, C. S., & McFarland, H. F. (1993) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410340507 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Miller, D. H., Barkhof, F., Berry, I., Kappos, L., Scotti, G., & Thompson, A. J. (1991) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.54.8.683 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Self-citationThree-Dimensional Segmentation of MR Images of the Head Using Probability and Connectivity
Cline, H. E., Lorensen, W. E., Kikinis, R., & Jolesz, F. A. (1990) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199011000-00041 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Morrissey, S., Miller, D. H., Kendall, B. E., Kingsley, D. P. E., Kelly, M. A., Francis, D. A., MacManus, D. G., & McDonald, W. I. (1993) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/116.1.135 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationMultisection proton MR spectroscopic imaging of the brain.
Duyn, J. H., GILLEN, J. S., Sobering, G., van Zijl, P. C. M., & MOONEN, C. T. W. (1993) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.188.1.8511313 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
McFarland, H. F., Frank, J. A., Albert, P. S., Smith, M. E., Martinꝉ, R., Harris, J. O., Patronas, N. J., Maloni, H. W., & McFarlin, D. E. (1992) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410320609 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelation of magnetization transfer ration with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis
Gass, A., Barker, G. J., Kidd, D. P., Thorpe, J. W., MacManus, D. G., Brennan, A., Tofts, P. S., Thompson, A. J., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360113 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Self-citationNoseworthy, J. H., Ebers, G. C., Vandervoort, M. K., Farquhar, R. E., Yetisir, E., & Roberts, R. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.1.16 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Spinal cord MRI using multi‐array coils and fast spin echo
Kidd, D. P., Thorpe, J. W., Thompson, A. J., Kendall, B. E., MOSELEY, I. F., MacManus, D. G., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.12.2632 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citationHarris, J. O., Frank, J., Patronas, N., Mcfarlin, D. E., & McFarland, H. (1991) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410290515 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Self-citationNoseworthy, J. H., Vandervoort, M. K., Wong, C. J., & Ebers, G. C. (1990) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.40.6.971 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Filippi, M., Horsfield, M. A., Morrissey, S., MacManus, D. G., Rudge, P., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.4.635 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Self-citationFilippi, M., Paty, D. W., Kappos, L., Barkhof, F., Compston, D. A. S., Thompson, A. J., Zhao, G. J., Wiles, C. M., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.2.255 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelating MRI and clinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis
van Walderveen, M. A. A., Barkhof, F., Hommes, O. R., Polman, C. H., Tobi, H., Frequin, S. T. F. M., & Valk, J. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.9.1684 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Self-citationPatterns of disease activity in multiple sclerosis: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study.
Thompson, A. J., Kermode, A. G., MacManus, D. G., Kendall, B. E., Kingsley, D. P. E., MOSELEY, I. F., & McDonald, W. I. (1990) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6725.631 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Arnett, P. A., Rao, S. M., Bernardin, L., Grafman, J., Yetkin, F. Z., & Lobeck, L. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.3_part_1.420 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Rydberg, J. N., Hammond, C. A., Grimm, R. C., Erickson, B. J., Jack, C. R., Huston, J., & Riederer, S. J. (1994) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.193.1.8090888 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE OPTIC NEURITIS
Youl, B. D., Turano, G., Miller, D. H., Towell, A., MacManus, D. G., Moore, S. G., Jones, S., Barrett, G., Kendall, B. E., MOSELEY, I. F., et al. (1991) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/114.6.2437 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citationThe longstanding MS lesion. A quantitative MRI and electron microscopic study
BARNES, D., MUNRO, P. M. G., YOUL, B. D., PRINEAS, J. W., & MCDONALD, W. I. (1991) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/114.3.1271 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Miller, D. H., Barkhof, F., & Nauta, J. J. P. (1993) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/116.5.1077 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Self-citationWilloughby, E. W., Grochowski, E., Li, D. K. B., Oger, J., Kastrukoff, L. F., & Paty, D. W. (1989) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410250107 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationStone, L. A., Frank, J. A., Albert, P. S., Bash, C. N., Smith, M. E., Maloni, H. W., & McFarland, H. F. (1995) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410370511 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerve in optic neuritis
Miller, D. H., Newton, M. R., van der Poel, J. C., du Boulay, E. P. G. H., Halliday, A. M., Kendall, B. E., Johnson, G., MacManus, D. G., MOSELEY, I. F., & McDonald, W. I. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.2.175 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, M. E., Stone, L. A., Albert, P. S., Frank, J. A., Martinꝉ, R., Armstrong, M. M., Maloni, H. W., McFarlin, D. E., & McFarland, H. F. (1993) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410330511 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationOutcomes assessment in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: a critical analysis
Whitaker, J., McFarland, H., Rudge, P., & Reingold, S. C. (1995) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245859500100107 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citationSerial gadolinium‐enhanced MRI in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis of varying disease duration
Thompson, A. J., Miller, D. H., Youl, B. D., MacManus, D. G., Moore, S. G., Kingsley, D. P. E., Kendall, B. E., Feinstein, A., & McDonald, W. I. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.1.60 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationHusted, C. A., Goodin, D. S., Hugg, J. W., Maudsley, A. A., Tsuruda, J. S., de Bie, S. H., Fein, G., Matson, G. B., & Weiner, M. W. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360207 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Neuropsychological and structural brain lesions in multiple sclerosis
Swirsky-Sacchetti, T., Mitchell, D., Seward, J. D., Gonzales, C. H., LUBLIN, F. D., Knobler, R., & Field, H. L. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.7.1291 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationMatthews, P. M., Francis, G., Antel, J. P., & Arnold, D. L. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.8.1251 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationThorpe, J. W., Kidd, D. P., MOSELEY, I. F., Kendall, B. E., Thompson, A. J., MacManus, D. G., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.2.373 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationMRI dynamics of brain and spinal cord in progressive multiple sclerosis.
Kidd, D. P., Thorpe, J. W., Kendall, B. E., Barker, G. J., Miller, D., McDonald, W. I., & Thompson, A. J. (1996) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.60.1.15 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationArnold, D. L., Riess, G. T., Matthews, P. M., Francis, G., Collins, D. L., Wolfson, C. M., & Antel, J. P. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360115 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationMoreau, T., Scolding, N. J., Compston, A., Thorpe, J. W., Miller, D., MOSELEY, I. F., Hale, G., Waldmann, H., Clayton, D. G., Wing, M. G., et al. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91339-0 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationMultiple sclerosis: serial study of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging.
Grossman, R. I., Braffman, B. H., Brorson, J. R., Goldberg, H. I., Silberberg, D. H., & González‐Scarano, F. (1988) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.169.1.3420246 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
In vivo magnetic resonance diffusion measurement in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis
Larsson, H. B. W., Thomsen, C., Frederiksen, J., Stubgaard, M., & Henriksen, O. (1992) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/0730-725x(92)90367-9 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Lee, K. H., Hashimoto, S. A., Hooge, J. P., Kastrukoff, L. F., Oger, J. J.-F., Li, D. K. B., & Paty, D. W. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.5.657 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis
Wolinsky, J. S., Narayana, P. A., & Fenstermacher, M. J. (1990) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.40.11.1764 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Longitudinal MRI in multiple sclerosis
Khoury, S. J., Guttmann, C. R. G., Orav, E. J., Hohol, M. J., Ahn, S. S., Hsu, L., Kikinis, R., Mackin, G. A., Jolesz, F. A., & Weiner, H. L. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.11.2120 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Long‐term follow‐up of acute partial transverse myelopathy
Ford, B., Tampieri, D., & Francis, G. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.1.250 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationStone, L. A., Smith, M. E., Albert, P. S., Bash, C. N., Maloni, H. W., Frank, J. A., & McFarland, H. F. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.6.1122 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationFinelli, D. A., Hurst, G. C., Gullapalli, R. P., & Bellon, E. M. (1994) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.190.2.8284415 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Cognitive abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: a psychometric and MRI study
Ron, M. A., Callanan, M. M., & Warrington, E. K. (1991) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700014653 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Kruse, B., Barker, P. B., van Zijl, P. C. M., Duyn, J. H., MOONEN, C. T. W., & Moser, H. W. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360408 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Treatment of myasthenia gravis by immunoadsorption of plasma
Grob, D., Simpson, D. M., Mitsumoto, H., Hoch, B., Mokhtarian, F., Bender, A. N., Greenberg, M., Koo, A. P., & Nakayama, S. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.2.338 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Barbosa, S. R. D. V., Blumhardt, L. D., Roberts, N., Lock, T., & Edwards, R. H. T. (1994) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/0730-725x(94)92350-7 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Benign versus chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: Magnetic resonance imaging features
Koopmans, R. A., Li, D. K. B., Grochowski, E., Cutler, P. J., & Paty, D. W. (1989) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410250112 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationVolume measurement of multiple sclerosis lesions with magnetic resonance images
Wicks, D., Tofts, P. S., Miller, D. H., du Boulay, G. H., Feinstein, A., Sacares, R. P., Harvey, I., Brenner, R., & McDonald, W. I. (1992) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/bf00598953 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationNauta, J. J. P., Thompson, A. J., Barkhof, F., & Miller, D. H. (1994) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(94)90045-0 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationCorpus callosum and subcallosal-periventricular lesions in multiple sclerosis: detection with MR.
Simon, J. H., Holtås, S., Schiffer, R. B., Rudick, R. A., Herndon, R. M., Kido, D. K., & Utz, R. (1986) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.160.2.3726114 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationFrank, J. A., Stone, L. A., Smith, M. E., Albert, P. S., Maloni, H. W., & McFarland, H. F. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360719 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationMitchell, J. R., Karlik, S. J., Lee, D. H., & Fenster, A. (1994) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.1880040218 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Filippi, M., Campi, A., Martinelli, V., Colombo, B., Yousry, T. A., Canal, N., Scotti, G., & Comi, G. P. (1995) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.59.5.540 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Accuracy and Reproducibility in Volumetric Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions
Jackson, E. F., Narayana, P. A., Wolinsky, J. S., & Doyle, T. J. (1993) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199303000-00007 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Kastrukoff, L. F., Oger, J. J.-F., Hashimoto, S. A., Sacks, S. L., Li, D. K., Palmer, M. R., Koopmans, R. A., Petkau, A. J., Berkowitz, J., & Paty, D. W. (1990) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.40.3_part_1.479 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationFilippi, M., Campi, A., Mammì, S., Martinelli, V., Locatelli, T., Scotti, G., Amadio, S., Canal, N., & Comi, G. (1995) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.58.1.31 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Stone, L. A., Albert, P. S., Smith, M. E., DeCarli, C. S., Armstrong, M. R., McFarlin, D. E., Frank, J. A., & McFarland, H. F. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.10.1808 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationParaclinical tests in acute-onset optic neuritis: basal data and results of a short follow-up
Martinelli, V., Comi, G., Filippi, M., Poggi, A. D., Colombo, B., Rodegher, M., Scotti, G., Triulzi, F. M., & Canal, N. (1991) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04944.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging in optic neuritis
Jacobs, L. R., Munschauer, F. E., & Kaba, S. E. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.1.15 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Frederiksen, J. L., Larsson, H. B. W., Olesen, J., & STIGSBY, B. (1991) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04713.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Thomas, D. J., Pennock, J. M., Bydder, G. M., Steiner, R. E., Hajnal, J. V., & YOUNG, I. R. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90353-i · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A comparison between fast and conventional spin-echo in the detection of multiple sclerosis lesions
Thorpe, J. W., Halpin, S. F. S., MacManus, D. G., Barker, G. J., Kendall, B. E., & Miller, D. (1994) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/bf00612125 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationBenign and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a preliminary quantitative MRI study
Filippi, M., Barker, G. J., Horsfield, M. A., Sacares, P., MacManus, D. G., Thompson, A. J., Tofts, P. S., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1994) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/bf00863776 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic Resonance Imaging Lesion Enlargement in Multiple Sclerosis
Goodkin, D. E. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530270075021 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Albert, P. S., McFarland, H. F., Smith, M. E., & Frank, J. A. (1994) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780130509 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationFinelli, D. A., Hurst, G. C., Karaman, B. A., Simon, J. E., Duerk, J. L., & Bellon, E. M. (1994) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.193.1.8090886 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationInternuclear ophthalmoplegia: MR-anatomic correlation.
Atlas, S. W., Grossman, R. I., Savino, P. J., Schatz, N. J., Sergott, R. C., Bosley, T. M., Hackney, D. B., Goldberg, H. I., Bilaniuk, L. T., & Zimmerman, R. A. (1987) · PubMed Central · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Optic neuritis and orbital lesions: lipid-suppressed chemical shift MR imaging.
Lee, D. H., Simon, J. H., Szumowski, J., Feasby, T. E., Karlik, S. J., Fox, A. J., & Pelz, D. M. (1991) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.179.2.2014308 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationKidd, D. P., Thompson, A. J., Kendall, B. E., Miller, D. H., & McDonald, W. I. (1994) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.57.9.1070 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationTruyen, L., Gheuens, J., de Vyver, F. L. V., Parizel, P. M., Peersman, G. V., & Martin, J. J. (1990) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(90)90130-f · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Pholedrine: a substitute for hydroxyamphetamine as a diagnostic eyedrop test in Horner's syndrome.
Bates, A. T., Chamberlain, S., Champion, M., Foley, L. J., Hughes, E. H., Jani, B. R., Mehta, H., & Smith, S. (1995) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.58.2.215 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ebers, G. C. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)03334-0 · Cited by 2,144 · see citing works
The Lenercept Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.3.457 · Cited by 1,060 · see citing works
Comi, G., Filippi, M., Wolinsky, J. S., & European/Canadian Glatiramer Acetate Study Group (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.64 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Rate of medial temporal lobe atrophy in typical aging and Alzheimer's disease
Jack, C. R., Petersen, R. C., Xu, Y., O'Brien, P. C., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.4.993 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Histopathologic correlate of hypointense lesions on T1-weighted spin-echo MRI in multiple sclerosis
van Walderveen, M. A. A., Kamphorst, W., Scheltens, P., van Waesberghe, J. H. T. M., Ravid, R., Valk, J., Polman, C. H., & Barkhof, F. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.5.1282 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of magnetic resonance techniques in understanding and managing multiple sclerosis
Miller, D. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.1.3 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Self-citationDiffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis
Filippi, M., Cercignani, M., Inglese, M., Horsfield, M. A., & Comi, G. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.3.304 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Cummings, J. L., Vinters, H. V., Cole, G. M., & Khachaturian, Z. S. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.1_suppl_1.s2 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Lucchinetti, C. F., Kimmel, D. W., & Lennon, V. A. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.3.652 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Imaging axonal damage of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis
Fu, L. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.1.103 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS. A 10-year follow-up
O’Riordan, J. I. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.3.495 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Progressive cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis A serial MRI study
Losseff, N. A., Wang, L., Lai, H. M., Yoo, D. S., Gawne-Cain, M. L., McDonald, W. I., Miller, D., & Thompson, A. J. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.6.2009 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Self-citationEdan, G., Miller, D., Clanet, M., Confavreux, C., Lyon‐Caen, O., Lubetzki, C., Brochet, B., Berry, I., Rolland, Y., Froment, J. C., et al. (1997) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.62.2.112 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Self-citationTintoré, M., Rovira, À., Martinez, M. J., Río, J., Villoslada, P., Brieva, L., Borrás, C., Grivé, E., Capellades, J., & Montalbán, X. (2000) · PubMed Central · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Fazekas, F., Deisenhammer, F., Strasser‐Fuchs, S., Nahler, G., & Mamoli, B. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)09377-4 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Nijeholt, G. J. L. À. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.4.687 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Imaging outcomes for neuroprotection and repair in multiple sclerosis trials
Barkhof, F., Calabresi, P. A., Miller, D. H., & Reingold, S. C. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.41 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Self-citationHohol, M. J., Orav, E. J., & Weiner, H. L. (1999) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245859900500508 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Effects of IV methylprednisolone on brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS
Zivadinov, R., Rudick, R. A., Masi, R. D., Nasuelli, D., Ukmar, M., Pozzi–Mucelli, R. S., Grop, A., Cazzato, G., & Zorzon, M. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.7.1239 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
A longitudinal study of brain atrophy in relapsing multiple sclerosis
Simon, J. H., Jacobs, L., Campion, M., Rudick, R. A., Cookfair, D. L., Herndon, R. M., Richert, J. R., Salazar, A. Μ., Fischer, J. S., Goodkin, D. E., et al. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.1.139 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic resonance studies of intramuscular interferon β–1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis
Simon, J. H., Jacobs, L. D., Campion, M., Wende, K. E., Simonian, N. A., Cookfair, D. L., Rudick, R. A., Herndon, R. M., Richert, J. R., Salazar, A. Μ., et al. (1998) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410430114 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Self-citationRice, G. P., Filippi, M., & Comi, G. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.5.1145 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Keegan, B. M., & Noseworthy, J. H. (2002) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.103909 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Narayana, P. A., Doyle, T. J., Lai, D., & Wolinsky, J. S. (1998) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410430112 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
The effect of anti-α4 integrin antibody on brain lesion activity in MS
Tubridy, N. J., Behan, P. O., Capildeo, R., Chaudhuri, A., Forbes, R. B., Hawkins, C. P., Hughes, R. A., Palace, J. A., Sharrack, B., Swingler, R. J., et al. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.3.466 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citationThe contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Fazekas, F., Barkhof, F., Filippi, M., Grossman, R. I., Li, D. K. B., McDonald, W. I., McFarland, H. F., Paty, D. W., Simon, J. H., Wolinsky, J. S., et al. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.3.448 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationon behalf of the MAGNIMS study group, Sastre‐Garriga, J., Pareto, D., Battaglini, M., Rocca, M. A., Ciccarelli, O., Enzinger, C., Wuerfel, J. T., Sormani, M. P., Barkhof, F., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-020-0314-x · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of apolipoprotein E ϵ2 and vasculopathy in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Greenberg, S. M., Vonsattel, J.-P. G., Segal, A. Z., Chiu, R. I., Clatworthy, A. E., Liao, A., Hyman, B. T., & Rebeck, G. W. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.4.961 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Ondo, W. G., Jankovic, J. J., Schwartz, K. S., Almaguer, M., & Simpson, R. K. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.4.1063 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
van Oosten, B. W., Lai, M., Hodgkinson, S. J., Barkhof, F., Miller, D., MOSELEY, I. F., Thompson, A. J., Rudge, P., McDougall, A., McLeod, J., et al. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.49.2.351 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationProbiotic helminth administration in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study
Fleming, J. O., Isaak, A., Lee, J., Luzzio, C. C., Carrithers, M. D., Cook, T., Field, A. S., Boland, J., & Fábry, Z. (2011) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458511398054 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Lowe, M. J., Phillips, M. D., Lurito, J. T., Mattson, D. H., Džemidžić, M., & Mathews, V. P. (2002) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2241011005 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
On standardizing the MR image intensity scale
Ny�l, L. G., & Udupa, J. K. (1999) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199912)42:6 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Infarct Volume as a Surrogate or Auxiliary Outcome Measure in Ischemic Stroke Clinical Trials
Saver, J. L., Johnston, K. C., Homer, D., Wityk, R. J., Koroshetz, W. J., Truskowski, L. L., & Haley, E. C. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.2.293 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy histograms of patients with multiple sclerosis.
Cercignani, M., Inglese, M., Pagani, E., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Comparison of MS clinical phenotypes using conventional and magnetization transfer MRI
Filippi, M., Iannucci, G., Tortorella, C., Minicucci, L., Horsfield, M. A., Colombo, B., Sormani, M. P., & Comı, G. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.3.588 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Rituximab add-on therapy for breakthrough relapsing multiple sclerosis
Naismith, R. T., Piccio, L. M., Lyons, J., Lauber, J., Tutlam, N. T., Parks, B. J., Trinkaus, K. M., Song, S. K., & Cross, A. H. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181e24373 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Ge, Y., Grossman, R. I., Udupa, J. K., Wei, L., Mannon, L. J., Polansky, M., & Kolson, D. L. (2000) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.214.3.r00mr30665 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Paolillo, A., Coles, A. J., Molyneux, P. D., Gawne-Cain, M. L., MacManus, D. G., Barker, G. J., Compston, D. A. S., & Miller, D. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.4.751 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationFilippi, M., Iannucci, G., Cercignani, M., Rocca, M. A., Pratesi, A., & Comı, G. (2000) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.57.7.1017 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Diffuse Axonal Damage and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis
Tartaglia, M. C., Narayanan, S., Francis, S. J., dos Santos, A. C., Stefano, N. D., Lapierre, Y., & Arnold, D. L. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.2.201 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Management of Multiple Sclerosis
Rudick, R. A., Cohen, J. A., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., Kinkel, R. P., & Ransohoff, R. M. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199711273372207 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The role of inflammation after acute stroke
DeGraba, T. J. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.3_suppl_3.s62 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Multiple sclerosis: the role of MR imaging.
Ge, Y. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Changes in the normal appearing brain tissue and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
Filippi, M. (2000) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.68.2.157 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Ho, T. W., Hsieh, S., Nachamkin, I., Willison, H. J., Sheikh, K. A., Kiehlbauch, J., Flanigan, K. M., McArthur, J. C., Cornblath, D. R., McKhann, G. M., et al. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.3.717 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Pathologic damage in MS assessed by diffusion-weighted and magnetization transfer MRI
Cercignani, M., Iannucci, G., Rocca, M. A., Comı, G., Horsfield, M. A., & Filippi, M. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.5.1139 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities on MRI: Current Concepts and Therapeutic Implications
Ovbiagele, B. I., & Saver, J. L. (2006) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000093235 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Therapeutic Approaches in Multiple Sclerosis
Wiendl, H., & Hohlfeld, R. (2002) · BioDrugs · doi:10.2165/00063030-200216030-00003 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Dousset, V., Brochet, B., Deloire, M. S. A., Lagoarde, L., Barroso, B., Caillé, J. M., & Petry, K. G. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Pike, G. B., Stefano, N. D., Narayanan, S., Worsley, K. J., Pelletier, D., Francis, G., Antel, J. P., & Arnold, D. L. (2000) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.215.3.r00jn02824 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationA magnetization transfer histogram study of normal-appearing brain tissue in MS
Tortorella, C., Viti, B., Bozzali, M., Sormani, M. P., Rizzo, G., Gilardi, M. C., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.1.186 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Silver, N. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.7.1149 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis
Mey, G. M., Mahajan, K. R., & DeSilva, T. M. (2022) · WIREs Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1002/wsbm.1583 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS
Noseworthy, J. H., Wolinsky, J. S., LUBLIN, F. D., Whitaker, J. N., Linde, A., Gjörstrup, P., Sullivan, H. C., & the North American Linomide Investigators (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.9.1726 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationBakshi, R., Miletich, R. S., Kinkel, P. R., Emmet, M. L., & Kinkel, W. R. (1998) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon199884228 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Rothstein, J. D. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.4_suppl_2.19s · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Filippi, M., Horsfield, M. A., Adèr, H. J., Barkhof, F., Bruzzi, P., Evans, A. C., Frank, J. A., Grossman, R. I., McFarland, H. F., Molyneux, P. D., et al. (1998) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410430414 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationAutomatic quantification of MS lesions in 3D MRI brain data sets: Validation of INSECT
Zijdenbos, A. P., Forghani, R., & Evans, A. C. (1998) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/bfb0056229 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Molyneux, P. D., Filippi, M., Barkhof, F., Gasperini, C., Yousry, T. A., Lruyen, L., Lai, H. M., Rocca, M. A., MOSELEY, I. F., & Miller, D. H. (1998) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410430311 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationRovaris, M., Filippi, M., Calori, G., Rodegher, M., Campi, A., Colombo, B., & Comi, G. (1997) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s004150050083 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E genotype does not influence rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
Growdon, J. H., Locascio, J. J., Corkin, S., Gómez‐Isla, T., & Hyman, B. T. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.2.444 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Choline is increased in pre-lesional normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis
Tartaglia, M. C., Narayanan, S., Stefano, N. D., Arnaoutelis, R., Antel, S. B., Francis, S. J., dos Santos, A. C., Lapierre, Y., & Arnold, D. L. (2002) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-002-0846-6 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Cortical cerebral metabolism correlates with MRI lesion load and cognitive dysfunction in MS
Blinkenberg, M., Rune, K., Jensen, C. V., Ravnborg, M. H., Kyllingsbæk, S., Holm, S., Paulson, O. B., & Sørensen, P. S. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.3.558 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Magnetization transfer imaging to monitor the evolution of MS
Filippi, M., Inglese, M., Rovaris, M., Sormani, M. P., Horsfield, M. A., Iannucci, G., Colombo, B., & Comı, G. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.7.940 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Comparison of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla
Sicotte, N. L., Voskuhl, R. R., Bouvier, S. E., Klutch, R., Cohen, M. S., & Mazziotta, J. C. (2003) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/01.rli.0000065426.07178.f1 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Significance of T2 lesions in multiple sclerosis: A 13-year longitudinal study
Rudick, R. A., Lee, J.-C., Simon, J. H., & Fisher, E. (2006) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20883 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationHypointense Lesions on T1-Weighted Spin-Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging
van Walderveen, M. A. A., Nijeholt, G. J. L. À., Adèr, H. J., Jongen, P. J., Polman, C. H., Castelijns, J. A., & Barkhof, F. (2001) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.58.1.76 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationGlatiramer acetate (Copaxone) treatment in relapsing–remitting MS
Ge, Y., Grossman, R. I., Udupa, J. K., Fulton, J. C., Constantinescu, C. S., Gonzales–Scarano, F., Babb, J. S., Mannon, L. J., Kolson, D. L., & Cohen, J. A. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.4.813 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS
Wolinsky, J. S., Narayana, P. A., Noseworthy, J. H., LUBLIN, F. D., Whitaker, J. N., Linde, A., Gjörstrup, P., & Sullivan, H. C. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.9.1734 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationRudick, R. A., Polman, C. H., Clifford, D. B., Miller, D. H., & Steinman, L. (2012) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.598 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationOptimizing the association between disability and biological markers in MS
Kalkers, N. F., Bergers, E., Castelijns, J. A., van Walderveen, M. A. A., Bot, J., Adèr, H. J., Polman, C. H., & Barkhof, F. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.7.1253 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationA longitudinal study of T1 hypointense lesions in relapsing MS
Simon, J. H., Lull, J., Jacobs, L. D., Rudick, R. A., Cookfair, D. L., Herndon, R. M., Richert, J. R., Salazar, A. Μ., Sheeder, J. L., Miller, D., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.2.185 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationMatrix Metalloproteinases and Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
Rosenberg, G. A. (2002) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858402238517 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Relationship of Bladder Dysfunction to Lesion Site in Multiple Sclerosis
Araki, I., MATSUI, M., Ozawa, K., Takeda, M., & Kuno, S. (2003) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000049644.27713.c8 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Quantitative MRI in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of demyelination
Sailer, M., O’Riordan, J. I., Thompson, A. J., Kingsley, D. P. E., MacManus, D. G., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.3.599 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationOne‐year MRI scan predicts clinical response to interferon beta in multiple sclerosis
Prosperini, L., Gallo, V., Petsas, N., Borriello, G., & Pozzilli, C. (2009) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02708.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Furukawa, Y., Lang, A. E., Trugman, J. M., Bird, T. D., Hunter, A. G. W., Sadeh, M., Tagawa, T., George‐Hyslop, P. S., Guttman, M., Morris, L. W., et al. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.4.1015 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Paolillo, A., Pozzilli, C., Gasperini, C., Giugni, E., Mainero, C., Giuliani, S., Tomassini, V., Millefiorini, E., & Bastianello, S. (2000) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00259-8 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A multicenter measurement of magnetization transfer ratio in normal white matter
Berry, I., Barker, G. J., Barkhof, F., Campi, A., Dousset, V., Franconi, J., Gass, A., Schreiber, W., Miller, D. H., & Tofts, P. S. (1999) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2586(199903)9:3 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationRoychowdhury, S., Maldjian, J. A., & Grossman, R. I. (2000) · PubMed Central · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Gawne-Cain, M. L., O’Riordan, J. I., Thompson, A. J., MOSELEY, I. F., & Miller, D. H. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.49.2.364 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationSun, X., Tanaka, M., Kondo, S., Okamoto, K., & Hirai, S. (1998) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03164835 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
O’Riordan, J. I., Losseff, N. A., Phatouros, C. C., Thompson, A. J., MOSELEY, I. F., MacManus, D. G., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1998) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.3.353 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis by nuclear magnetic resonance
Barkhof, F., & van Walderveen, M. A. A. (1999) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1999.0511 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationApplications of Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
Ge, Y., Law, M., & Grossman, R. I. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1340.039 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Silver, N., Barker, G. J., MacManus, D. G., Tofts, P. S., & Miller, D. H. (1997) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.62.3.223 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving interobserver variation in reporting gadolinium-enhanced MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis
Barkhof, F., Filippi, M., van Waesberghe, J. H., Molyneux, P. D., Rovaris, M., Nijeholt, G. J. L. À., Tubridy, N. J., Miller, D. H., Yousry, T. A., Radue, E. W., et al. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.49.6.1682 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationRocca, M. A., Mastronardo, G., Rodegher, M., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Gabbay, V., Hess, D. A., Liu, S., Babb, J. S., KLEIN, R. G., & Gonen, O. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06122032 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Enhancing patterns in multiple sclerosis: evolution and persistence.
He, J., Grossman, R. I., Ge, Y., & Mannon, L. J. (2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Validity of the California Verbal Learning Test–II in Multiple Sclerosis
Stegen, S., Stepanov, I. I., Cookfair, D. L., Schwartz, E. S., Hojnacki, D. W., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., & Benedict, R. H. B. (2009) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854040903266910 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Spuler, S., & Engel, A. G. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.1.41 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Kumar, A., Gupta, R. C., Thomas, M. A., Alger, J. R., Wyckoff, N., & Hwang, S. (2004) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2003.12.002 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Autonomic dysfunction in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
O’Suilleabhain, P. E., Low, P. A., & Lennon, V. A. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.1.88 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Bastianello, S., Bozzao, A., Paolillo, A., Giugni, E., Gasperini, C., Koudriavtseva, T., Millefiorini, E., Horsfield, M. A., Colonnese, C., Toni, D., et al. (1997) · PubMed Central · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Barkhof, F. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.7.1396 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of copolymer-1 on serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
Mancardi, G., Sardanelli, F., Parodi, R. C., Melani, E. F., Capello, E., Inglese, M., Ferrari, A., Sormani, M. P., Ottonello, C., Levrero, F., et al. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.4.1127 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Axonal degeneration in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Silber, E., & Sharief, M. K. (1999) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00178-1 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
- Authors
- Miller, D. H., Albert, P. S., Barkhof, F., Francis, G., Frank, J. A., Hodgkinson, S., Lublin, F. D., Paty, D. W., Reingold, S. C., & Simon, J.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Liverpool Hospital (AU)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society (US)
- University of Colorado Health (US)
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-16
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2030792741
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 56.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, magnetic resonance imaging, treatment monitoring, clinical trial endpoints, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, clinically isolated syndrome, disability progression, demyelination, axonal loss, N-acetylaspartate, magnetization transfer ratio, T2-weighted MRI, gadolinium-enhanced MRI, MRI outcome measures
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Treatment Outcome, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
