Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Fluorine Tri‐doped Graphene as a Multifunctional Catalyst for Self‐Powered Electrochemical Water Splitting
Abstract
Electrocatalysts are required for clean energy technologies (for example, water‐splitting and metal‐air batteries). The development of a multifunctional electrocatalyst composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, and fluorine tri‐doped graphene is reported, which was obtained by thermal activation of a mixture of polyaniline‐coated graphene oxide and ammonium hexafluorophosphate (AHF). It was found that thermal decomposition of AHF provides nitrogen, phosphorus, and fluorine sources for tri‐doping with N, P, and F, and simultaneously facilitates template‐free formation of porous structures as a result of thermal gas evolution. The resultant N, P, and F tri‐doped graphene exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The trifunctional metal‐free catalyst was further used as an OER–HER bifunctional catalyst for oxygen and hydrogen gas production in an electrochemical water‐splitting unit, which was powered by an integrated Zn–air battery based on an air electrode made from the same electrocatalyst for ORR. The integrated unit, fabricated from the newly developed N, P, and F tri‐doped graphene multifunctional metal‐free catalyst, can operate in ambient air with a high gas production rate of 0.496 and 0.254 μL s−1 for hydrogen and oxygen gas, respectively, showing great potential for practical applications.
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The good catalytic activity is attributed to the synergic effect of the bimetallic nature and the three-dimensional porous structure of the rGO aerogel with good conductivity and favorable mass-transfer pathways.
“The above results clearly demonstrate that the good catalytic activity would be attributed to the synergic effect of the bimetallic nature and three-dimensional porous structure of the rGO aerogel with good conductivity and favorable mass-transfer pathways.22,47–49”
From Tunable CoFe-based active sites on 3D heteroatom doped graphene aerogel electrocatalysts <i>via</i> annealing gas regulation for efficient water splitting (2018) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Zhang, J., & Dai, L.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dai, Liming
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-10-06
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 42
- Pages
- 13490-13494
- ISSN
- 0044-8249 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3757
- OpenAlex
- W4248771041
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 20
- FWCI
- 6.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Angewandte Chemie (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (CMMI-1400274, CMMI-1266295, DMR 1106160)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
- Keywords
- multifunctional electrocatalysts, oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, metal-free electrocatalysts, zinc-air batteries, ammonium hexafluorophosphate, thermal decomposition, porous graphene
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