Exploiting Mechanistic Solvation Kinetics for Dual‐Graphite Batteries with High Power Output at Extremely Low Temperature
Open accessAbstract
Improving the extremely low temperature operation of rechargeable batteries is vital to the operation of electronics in extreme environments, where systems capable of high‐rate discharge are in short supply. Herein, we demonstrate the holistic design of dual‐graphite batteries, which circumvent the sluggish ion‐desolvation process found in typical lithium‐ion batteries during discharge. These batteries were enabled by a novel electrolyte, which simultaneously provides high electrochemical stability and ionic conductivity at low temperature. The dual‐graphite cells, when compared to industry‐type graphite ∥ LiCoO 2 full‐cells demonstrated an 11 times increased capacity retention at −60 °C for a 10 C discharge rate, indicative of the superior kinetics of the “dual‐ion” storage mechanism. These trends are further supported by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements at reduced temperature. This work provides a new design strategy for extreme low‐temperature batteries.
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High oxidation stability of the methyl propionate-based electrolyte enabled stable graphite||graphite cycling with an upper voltage cutoff at 5.2 V for storage of PF6- anion in graphite at the cathode side.
“Meanwhile, high oxidation stability of this electrolyte enabled stable graphite||graphite cycling with the upper voltage cutoff at 5.2 V for the storage of PF 6 -anion in graphite at the cathode side.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
The Accepted Manuscript reports high oxidative stability for the MP-based electrolyte containing 10% FEC. The Angewandte Chemie International Edition section reports stable graphite||graphite full-cell cycling and PF6− storage in graphite at approximately 4.6–5.2 V versus Li/Li+. It does not identify 5.2 V as the full cell’s upper voltage cutoff; that number describes the positive electrode’s potential versus Li/Li+. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA graphite||graphite dual-ion battery retained 93.1% and 84.4% of its room-temperature capacity at -40 and -60 °C, respectively.
“As a result, this graphite||graphite dual-ion battery (DIB) retained 93.1% and 84.4% of its RT capacity at -40 and -60 °C, respectively (Fig. 6b).”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
A stable interphase formed by fluoroethylene carbonate combined with high bulk electrolyte conductivity contributed by methyl propionate enabled greatly improved performance, delivering over 60% room-temperature capacity at -60 °C and 1 C rate.
“The stable interphase formed by FEC combined with high bulk electrolyte conductivity contributed by MP enabled greatly improved performance, delivering over 60% RT capacity at -60 °C and 1 C rate (Fig. 6a).”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Holoubek, J., Yin, Y., Li, M., Yu, M., Meng, Y. S., Liu, P., & Chen, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Ping
- Chen, Zheng
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-11-11
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 52
- Pages
- 18892-18897
- ISSN
- 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3773
- OpenAlex
- W2981858414
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 15
- FWCI
- 7.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (ECF 80NSSC18K1512)
- National Nanotechnology Coordinating Office (ECCS-1542148)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Keywords
- low-temperature battery operation, ion desolvation, electrolyte design, ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability window, high-rate discharge, capacity retention, lithium-ion batteries, graphite electrodes
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