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Cited by 105Lanthanide and Transition Metal ComplexesLuminescence and Fluorescent MaterialsOrganic Light-Emitting Diodes Research

A Near‐Infrared‐II Emissive Chromium(III) Complex

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Sinha, Narayan, Jiménez, Juan‐Ramón, Pfund, Björn, Prescimone, Alessandro, Piguet, Claude, Wenger, Oliver S.·2021·Angewandte Chemie International Edition
DOI 10.1002/anie.202106398PMC PMC8597102
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Abstract

The combination of π‐donating amido with π‐accepting pyridine coordination units in a tridentate chelate ligand causes a strong nephelauxetic effect in a homoleptic Cr III complex, which shifts its luminescence to the NIR‐II spectral range. Previously explored Cr III polypyridine complexes typically emit between 727 and 778 nm (in the red to NIR‐I spectral region), and ligand design strategies have so far concentrated on optimizing the ligand field strength. The present work takes a fundamentally different approach and focusses on increasing metal–ligand bond covalence to shift the ruby‐like 2 E emission of Cr III to 1067 nm at 77 K.

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Crossref · 10.1002/anie.202106398

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  • Biomedical application of metal complexes is hindered by a reliance on high-energy, short-wavelength excitation, leading to phototoxicity and poor tissue penetration.

    “Nevertheless, their biomedical application is hindered by a reliance on high-energy, short-wavelength excitation, which leads to phototoxicity and poor tissue penetration.”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [194]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says NIR-II emission offers deep penetration for in vivo imaging, and the Photoluminescence section (page unavailable) reports exciting the studied chromium complex at 450 nm. The paper does not say that metal complexes generally rely on short-wavelength excitation or that such excitation causes phototoxicity or poor tissue penetration. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Metal complexes are promising photofunctional materials due to superior photostability, large Stokes shifts, and high emission quantum yields compared to organic chromophores.

    “Metal complexes are promising photofunctional materials due to their superior photostability, large Stokes shifts, and high emission quantum yields compared to organic chromophores”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [194]

    The Introduction reports that a designed chromium(III) complex achieved a luminescence quantum yield of up to 30%, supporting the potential of some metal complexes as emitters. But the paper does not establish superior photostability, larger Stokes shifts, or higher quantum yields than organic chromophores; Results and Discussion reports an exceptionally low room-temperature quantum yield for the complex studied here. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • By employing tridentate ligands with a central π-donor amine and σ-donor/π-acceptor pyridines, they created the homoleptic Cr(III) complex Cr(dpc)2.

    “By employing tridentate ligands with a central π-donor amine and σ-donor/π-acceptor pyridines, they created the homoleptic Cr(III) complex Cr(dpc)2.”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [194]

    The Introduction describes dpc as a tridentate ligand with a central π-donating amido donor flanked by σ-donating, π-accepting pyridines. The Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemistry section reports making [Cr(dpc)2](PF6) and confirms a chromium(III) center bound to two dpc ligands. The claim's “amine” is not the source's “amido” donor. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Traditional Cr(III) polypyridyl complexes typically emit in the 727-778 nm range, limited to the red/NIR-I region.

    “Traditional Cr(III) polypyridyl complexes typically emit in the 727–778 nm range, limited to the red/NIR-I region.”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [194]

  • Wenger et al. developed a strategy centered on increasing metal-ligand bond covalence rather than merely optimizing ligand field strength.

    “Wenger et al. developed a strategy centered on increasing metal-ligand bond covalence rather than merely optimizing the ligand field strength194.”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [194]

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Cites

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1 of the 76 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 19

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Authors
Sinha, N., Jiménez, J., Pfund, B., Prescimone, A., Piguet, C., & Wenger, O. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Basel (CH)
  • University of Geneva (CH)
Corresponding author
  • Piguet, Claude
  • Wenger, Oliver S.
ORCID
Venue
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-07-12
Volume
60
Issue
44
Pages
23722-23728
ISSN
  • 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
  • 1521-3773
DOI
10.1002/anie.202106398
PMC
PMC8597102
OpenAlex
W3168007982
Cited by
105
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 4
FWCI
5.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • edoc (University of Basel)
Funders
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (200021_178760, 200020_178758)
  • Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research
Keywords
chromium(III) complexes, NIR-II emission, nephelauxetic effect, luminescence shift, low-temperature luminescence

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