Attachment of Osteocyte Cell Processes to the Bone Matrix
Open accessAbstract
In order for osteocytes to perceive mechanical information and regulate bone remodeling accordingly they must be anchored to their extracellular matrix (ECM). To date the nature of this attachment is not understood. Osteocytes are embedded in mineralized bone matrix, but maintain a pericellular space (50–80 nm) to facilitate fluid flow and transport of metabolites. This provides a spatial limit for their attachment to bone matrix. Integrins are cell adhesion proteins that may play a role in osteocyte attachment. However, integrin attachments require proximity between the ECM, cell membrane, and cytoskeleton, which conflicts with the osteocytes requirement for a pericellular fluid space. In this study, we hypothesize that the challenge for osteocytes to attach to surrounding bone matrix, while also maintaining fluid‐filled pericellular space, requires different “engineering” solutions than in other tissues that are not similarly constrained. Using novel rapid fixation techniques, to improve cell membrane and matrix protein preservation, and transmission electron microscopy, the attachment of osteocyte processes to their canalicular boundaries are quantified. We report that the canalicular wall is wave‐like with periodic conical protrusions extending into the pericellular space. By immunohistochemistry we identify that the integrin αvβ3 may play a role in attachment at these complexes; a punctate pattern of staining of β3 along the canalicular wall was consistent with observations of periodic protrusions extending into the pericellular space. We propose that during osteocyte attachment the pericellular space is periodically interrupted by underlying collagen fibrils that attach directly to the cell process membrane via integrin‐attachments. Anat Rec, 292:355–363, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Osteocytes might sense FFSS through collagen hillocks, β3 and β1 integrins, primary cilia, connexin43, and mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1.
“Osteocytes might sense FFSS through 1. “collagen hillocks”, which are collagen matrix projections in osteocyte canaliculi that directly link the matrix to osteocyte dendrites;29 2. β3 and β1 integrins, which participate to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) complex formation in osteocyte dendritic projections;30 3. primary cilia, which have a flow-sensing function that leads to increased osteoprotegerin”
From Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
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- Authors
- McNamara, L. M., Majeska, R. J., Weinbaum, S., Friedrich, V., & Schaffler, M. B.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- City College of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schaffler, M.B.
- Venue
- The Anatomical Record
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-02-26
- Volume
- 292
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 355-363
- ISSN
- 1932-8486 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-8494
- PMC
- PMC2861341
- OpenAlex
- W1972568078
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 4.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Anatomical Record (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR41210, R01AR041210, R01AR057139, AR 48699, R01AR048699)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Bone and Dental Protein Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Keywords
- osteocytes, cell attachment, bone matrix, integrin αvβ3, integrin-mediated adhesion, collagen fibrils, bone remodeling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Matrix, Cell Adhesion, Cell Membrane, Cell Physiological Phenomena, Fluorescence, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Osteocytes, Integrin alphaVbeta3, Mice
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