Cited by 484Cellular Mechanics and InteractionsBone Metabolism and DiseasesBone health and osteoporosis research

Molecular mechanosensors in osteocytes

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Qin, Lei, Liu, Wen, Cao, Huiling, Xiao, Guozhi·2020·Bone Research

Abstract

Osteocytes, the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, are the master regulators of bone remodeling. In addition to their functions in endocrine regulation and calcium and phosphate metabolism, osteocytes are the major responsive cells in force adaptation due to mechanical stimulation. Mechanically induced bone formation and adaptation, disuse-induced bone loss and skeletal fragility are mediated by osteocytes, which sense local mechanical cues and respond to these cues in both direct and indirect ways. The mechanotransduction process in osteocytes is a complex but exquisite regulatory process between cells and their environment, between neighboring cells, and between different functional mechanosensors in individual cells. Over the past two decades, great efforts have focused on finding various mechanosensors in osteocytes that transmit extracellular mechanical signals into osteocytes and regulate responsive gene expression. The osteocyte cytoskeleton, dendritic processes, Integrin-based focal adhesions, connexin-based intercellular junctions, primary cilium, ion channels, and extracellular matrix are the major mechanosensors in osteocytes reported so far with evidence from both in vitro and in vitro studies. This review aims to give a systematic introduction to osteocyte mechanobiology, provide details of osteocyte mechanosensors, and discuss the roles of osteocyte mechanosensitive signaling pathways in the regulation of bone homeostasis.

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  • Muscle-derived mechanical loading activates mechanosensors in osteocytes and osteoblast-lineage cells, including integrins and Piezo1, inducing Ca2+-dependent signaling and Wnt/β-catenin-associated osteogenic pathways that promote osteoblast activity.

    “Muscle-derived mechanical loading activates mechanosensors in osteocytes and osteoblast-lineage cells, including integrins and Piezo1, thereby inducing Ca2+-dependent signaling and Wnt/β-catenin-associated osteogenic pathways that promote osteoblast activity [47,48]”

    From Interorgan Communications in Skeletal Pathophysiology: From Molecular Pathways to Multidisciplinary Therapies (2026) · cites this paper as [47]

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  • The strain-induced flow of BEF in the lacuno-canalicular network exerts a shear stress (FFSS) on osteocyte bodies, which undergo dendrogenesis to activate several classes of mechano-sensors regulating specific gene expression patterns.

    “The strain-induced flow of BEF in the lacuno-canalicular network exerts a shear stress (fluid flow shear stress, FFSS) on osteocyte bodies, which undergo dendrogenesis to activate several classes of mechano-sensors regulating specific gene expression patterns.28”

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  1. [48]Michael Sheetz, H. Y. The Cell as a Machine 1 edn, 0–434 (Cambridge university press, 2019).

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Authors
Qin, L., Liu, W., Cao, H., & Xiao, G.
Affiliations
Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Cao, Huiling
  • Xiao, Guozhi
Venue
Bone Research
Published
2020-06-08
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
23-23
ISSN
  • 2095-4700 (ISSN-L)
  • 2095-6231
OpenAlex
W3033561017
Cited by
484
References
219
Citations by year
2026: 87 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
FWCI
6.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Bone Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (2017B030301018, 81991513, 81972100, 8163066, 2019YFA0906001, 81870532)
  • China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
  • Southern University of Science and Technology
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0906001, 2019YFA0906004)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Keywords
osteocytes, mechanosensors, mechanotransduction, mechanobiology, bone remodeling, bone homeostasis, force adaptation, primary cilia, mechanosensitive ion channels, extracellular matrix, bone fragility

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