Brain function and gaze fixation during facial‐emotion processing in fragile X and autism
Open accessAbstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most commonly known genetic disorder associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Overlapping features in these populations include gaze aversion, communication deficits, and social withdrawal. Although the association between FXS and ASD has been well documented at the behavioral level, the underlying neural mechanisms associated with the social/emotional deficits in these groups remain unclear. We collected functional brain images and eye‐gaze fixations from 9 individuals with FXS and 14 individuals with idiopathic ASD, as well as 15 typically developing (TD) individuals, while they performed a facial‐emotion discrimination task. The FXS group showed a similar yet less aberrant pattern of gaze fixations compared with the ASD group. The FXS group also showed fusiform gyrus (FG) hypoactivation compared with the TD control group. Activation in FG was strongly and positively associated with average eye fixation and negatively associated with ASD characteristics in the FXS group. The FXS group displayed significantly greater activation than both the TD control and ASD groups in the left hippocampus (HIPP), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), right insula (INS), and left postcentral gyrus (PCG). These group differences in brain activation are important as they suggest unique underlying face‐processing neural circuitry in FXS versus idiopathic ASD, largely supporting the hypothesis that ASD characteristics in FXS and idiopathic ASD reflect partially divergent impairments at the neural level, at least in FXS individuals without a co‐morbid diagnosis of ASD.
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Dalton et al. found that in response to faces, the FXS group had higher activation in the right insula (among other regions) compared with both the autism and control groups.
“Dalton et al. [723] compared responses in groups with FXS and with autism during the processing of emotional faces, and found that in response to faces, the FXS group had higher activation in the right insula (among other regions) compared with both the autism and control groups”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [723]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Dalton, K. M., Holsen, L., Abbeduto, L., & Davidson, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dalton, Kim M.
- Venue
- Autism Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 231-239
- ISSN
- 1939-3792 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-3806
- PMC
- PMC2679695
- OpenAlex
- W2018597713
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Autism Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (U54MH066398)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32 HD 07489, P30HD03352., P30HD003352, T32HD007489)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, emotional face processing, visual fixation, hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus, insula, postcentral gyrus, gaze aversion
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Affect, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Facial Expression, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Fragile X Syndrome, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Young Adult
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