Gene, brain, and behavior relationships in fragile X syndrome: Evidence from neuroimaging studies
Open accessAbstract
Fragile X syndrome (FraX) remains the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and provides a valuable model for studying gene‐brain‐behavior relationships. Over the past 15 years, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have emerged with the goal of better understanding the neural pathways contributing to the cognitive and behavioral outcomes seen in individuals with FraX. Specifically, structural MRI studies have established and begun to refine the specific topography of neuroanatomical variation associated with FraX. In addition, functional neuroimaging studies have begun to elucidate the neural underpinnings of many of the unique characteristics of FraX including difficulties with eye gaze, executive functioning, and behavioral inhibition. This review highlights studies with a focus on the relevant gene‐brain‐behavior connections observed in FraX. The relationship of brain regions and activation patterns to FMRP are discussed as well as the clinical cognitive and behavioral correlates of these neuroimaging findings. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:343–352.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A decrease in the size of the cerebellar vermis, which correlates with IQ, seems to be similar in females and males with FXS.
“whereas a decrease in the size of the cerebellar vermis, which correlates with IQ, seems to be similar in females and in males with FXS220.”
From Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions (2023) · cites this paper as [220]
The FMR1 full mutation affects cognition, adaptive behavior, social abilities, and motor skills.
“The FMR1 full mutation affects cognition, adaptive behavior, social abilities, and motor skills [708].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [708]
FMRP expression is linked to social withdrawal, anxiety and depression in fragile X syndrome.
“FMRP expression (as quantified by immunocytochemistry) has been linked to many of these phenotypic characteristics of FXS, including social withdrawal, anxiety and depression”
From Effects of intranasal oxytocin on social anxiety in males with fragile X syndrome (2012) · cites this paper as Lightbody and Reiss, 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Verkerk, A. J. M. H., Pieretti, M., Sutcliffe, J. S., Fu, Y.-H., Kuhl, D. P. A., Pizzuti, A., Reiner, O., Richards, S., Victoria, M. F., Zhang, F., et al. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-h · Cited by 3,481 · see citing works
Functional topography in the human cerebellum: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
STOODLEY, C., & SCHMAHMANN, J. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.08.039 · Cited by 2,183 · see citing works
Amaral, D. G., Schumann, C. M., & Nordahl, C. W. (2008) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.005 · Cited by 1,492 · see citing works
Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Sparks, B. F., Friedman, S. D., Shaw, D. W., Aylward, E. H., Echelard, D., Artru, A. A., Maravilla, K. R., Giedd, J. N., Munson, J., Dawson, G., et al. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.2.184 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Schumann, C. M., Hamstra, J., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., Lotspeich, L. J., Kwon, H., Buonocore, M. H., Lammers, C. R., Reiss, A. L., & Amaral, D. G. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1297-04.2004 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Self-citationFMR1 and the fragile X syndrome: Human genome epidemiology review
Crawford, D. C., Acuña, J. M., & Sherman, S. L. (2001) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/00125817-200109000-00006 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Dendritic Spine Structural Anomalies in Fragile-X Mental Retardation Syndrome
Irwin, S. A. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.10.1038 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Garber, K. B., Visootsak, J., & Warren, S. T. (2008) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.61 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Autism Profiles of Males With Fragile X Syndrome
Harris, S. W., Hessl, D., Goodlin-Jones, B., Ferranti, J., Bacalman, S., Barbato, I., Tassone, F., Hagerman, P. J., Herman, K., & Hagerman, R. J. (2008) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/2008.113:427-438 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Autistic behavior in children with fragile X syndrome: Prevalence, stability, and the impact of FMRP
Hatton, D. D., Sideris, J., Skinner, M., Mankowski, J., Bailey, D. B., Roberts, J., & Mirrett, P. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31286 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
FARZIN, F., PERRY, H., HESSL, D., LOESCH, D., COHEN, J., BACALMAN, S., GANE, L., TASSONE, F., HAGERMAN, P., & HAGERMAN, R. (2006) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200604002-00012 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Abitbol, M. M., Ménini, C., Delezoide, A., Rhyner, T. A., Vekemans, M. J. J., & Mallet, J. J. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0693-147 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatry of the basal ganglia
RING, H. A. (2002) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.72.1.12 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Specification of the Neurobehavioral Phenotype in Males with Fragile X Syndrome
Baumgardner, T. L., Reiss, A. L., Freund, L. S., & Abrams, M. T. (1995) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.95.5.744 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurodevelopmental effects of the FMR-1 full mutation in humans
Reiss, A. L., Abrams, M. T., Greenlaw, R., Freund, L., & Denckla, M. B. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0295-159 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationFrontal-subcortical circuits: the anatomic basis of executive, social and motivated behaviors
Masterman, D. L., & Cummings, J. L. (1997) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/026988119701100203 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Kates, W. R., Abrams, M. T., Kaufmann, W. E., Breiter, S. N., & Reiss, A. L. (1997) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(97)00019-x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationGothelf, D., Furfaro, J. A., Hoeft, F., Eckert, M. A., Hall, S. S., O'Hara, R. M., Erba, H. W., Ringel, J., Hayashi, K. M., Patnaik, S., et al. (2007) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21243 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citation3D pattern of brain abnormalities in Williams syndrome visualized using tensor-based morphometry
Chiang, M.-C., Reiss, A. L., Lee, A. D., Bellugi, U., Galaburda, A. M., Korenberg, J. R., Mills, D. L., Toga, A. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.024 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationHessl, D., Dyer-Friedman, J., Glaser, B., Wisbeck, J., Barajas, R. G., Taylor, A., & Reiss, A. L. (2001) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.108.5.e88 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroanatomy of fragile X syndrome
Reiss, A. L., Lee, J. C., & Freund, L. S. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.7.1317 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationDecreased cerebellar posterior vermis size in fragile X syndrome
Mostofsky, S. H., Mazzocco, M. M. M., Aakalu, G., Warsofsky, I. S., DENCKLA, M. B., & Reiss, A. L. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.1.121 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationA neuropsychological profile of attention deficits in young males with fragile X syndrome
Munir, F., Cornish, K. M., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2000) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00036-1 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Hall, S. S., Lightbody, A. A., & Reiss, A. L. (2008) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2008)113[44:csaabi]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationAutism spectrum disorder in fragile X syndrome: a longitudinal evaluation
Hernandez, R. N., Feinberg, R. L., Vaurio, R., Passanante, N. M., Thompson, R. E., & Kaufmann, W. E. (2009) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32848 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
ADHD symptoms in children with FXS
Sullivan, K., Hatton, D., Hammer, J., Sideris, J., Hooper, S., Ornstein, P., & Bailey, D. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31388 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Neuroanatomy of fragile X syndrome: The posterior fossa
Reiss, A. L., Aylward, E., Freund, L. S., Joshi, P. K., & Bryan, R. N. (1991) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410290107 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain anatomy, gender and IQ in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome
D, S. E. M. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.8.1610 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Kaufmann, W. E., Cooper, K. L., Mostofsky, S. H., Capone, G. T., Kates, W. R., Newschaffer, C. J., Bukelis, I., Stump, M. H., Jann, A. E., & Lanham, D. C. (2003) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/08830738030180070501 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Kwon, H., Menon, V., D, S. E. M., Warsofsky, I. S., White, C. D., Dyer-Friedman, J., Taylor, A. K., Glover, G. H., & Reiss, A. L. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1040 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationRivera, S. M., Menon, V., White, C. D., Glaser, B., & Reiss, A. L. (2002) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.10048 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationProfile of cognitive functioning in women with the fragile X mutation.
Bennetto, L., Taylor, A. K., Pennington, B. F., Porter, D., & Hagerman, R. J. (2001) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.15.2.290 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Molecular and cognitive predictors of the continuum of autistic behaviours in fragile X
Loesch, D. Z., Bui, M., Dissanayake, C., Clifford, S. M., Gould, E. L., Bulhak‐Paterson, D., Tassone, F., Taylor, A. K., Hessl, D. R., Hagerman, R. J., et al. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.09.007 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Frontostriatal deficits in fragile X syndrome: Relation to FMR1 gene expression
Menon, V., Leroux, J., White, C. D., & Reiss, A. L. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0304544101 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial behavior and cortisol reactivity in children with fragile X syndrome
Hessl, D. R., Glaser, B., Dyer-Friedman, J., & Reiss, A. L. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01556.x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationLoesch, D. Z., Bui, M., Grigsby, J., Butler, E., Epstein, J., Huggins, R., Taylor, A. K., & Hagerman, R. J. (2003) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.17.4.646 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Hooper, S. R., Hatton, D. D., Sideris, J. H., Sullivan, K. M., Hammer, J., Schaaf, J. M., Mirrett, P., Ornstein, P. A., & Bailey, D. B. (2008) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.1.36 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Behavioral Assessment of Social Anxiety in Females with Turner or Fragile X Syndrome
Lesniak-Karpiak, K., Mazzocco, M. M. M., & ROSS, J. L. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1022230504787 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Hazlett, H. C., Poe, M. D., Lightbody, A. A., Gerig, G., MacFall, J. R., Ross, A. K., Provenzale, J., Martin, A., Reiss, A. L., & Piven, J. (2009) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11689-009-9009-8 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationNature of the Working Memory Deficit in Fragile-X Syndrome
Munir, F., Cornish, K. M., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2000) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1006/brcg.1999.1200 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Social escape behaviors in children with fragile X syndrome
Hall, S., DeBernardis, M., & Reiss, A. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0132-z · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationAutistic Behaviors Among Girls with Fragile X Syndrome
Mazzocco, M. M. M., Kates, W. R., Baumgardner, T. L., Freund, L. S., & Reiss, A. L. (1997) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1025857422026 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationHoeft, F., Hernandez, A., Parthasarathy, S., Watson, C., Hall, S. S., & Reiss, A. L. (2007) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20406 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationFragile-X: neuropsychological test performance, CGG triplet repeat lengths, and hippocampal volumes.
Jäkälä, P., Hänninen, T., Ryynänen, M., Laakso, M. P., Partanen, K. P. L., Mannermaa, A., & Soininen, H. S. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119538 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Here's Looking at You, Kid: Neural Systems Underlying Face and Gaze Processing in Fragile XSyndrome
Garrett, A. S., Menon, V., MacKenzie, K., & Reiss, A. L. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.3.281 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationHoeft, F., Lightbody, A. A., Hazlett, H. C., Patnaik, S., Piven, J., & Reiss, A. L. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.9.1087 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationCholinergic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome and potential intervention: A preliminary 1H MRS study
Kesler, S. R., Lightbody, A. A., & Reiss, A. L. (2009) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32697 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroanatomy in fragile X females: the posterior fossa.
Reiss, A. L., Freund, L. S., Tseng, J. E., & Joshi, P. K. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationMazzocco, M. M. M., Bhatia, N. S., & Lesniak-Karpiak, K. (2006) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040500266951 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Social Functioning Among Girls with Fragile X or Turner Syndrome and Their Sisters
Mazzocco, M. M. M., Baumgardner, T. L., Freund, L. S., & Reiss, A. L. (1998) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1026000111467 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationfMRI Study of Cognitive Interference Processing in Females with Fragile X Syndrome
Tamm, L., Menon, V., Johnston, C. K., Hessl, D. R., & Reiss, A. L. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902317236812 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationA developmental approach to understanding Fragile X syndrome in females
Keysor, C. S., & Mazzocco, M. M. M. (2002) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/jemt.10070 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Longitudinal Changes in Intellectual Development in Children with Fragile X Syndrome
Hall, S. S., Burns, D. D., Lightbody, A. A., & Reiss, A. L. (2008) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9223-y · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain function and gaze fixation during facial‐emotion processing in fragile X and autism
Dalton, K. M., Holsen, L., Abbeduto, L., & Davidson, R. J. (2008) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.32 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mapping nonverbal IQ in young boys with fragile X syndrome
Skinner, M. L., Hooper, S. R., Hatton, D. D., Roberts, J. E., Mirrett, P., Schaaf, J. M., Sullivan, K. M., Wheeler, A., & Bailey, D. B. (2004) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.30353 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Kirk, J. W., Mazzocco, M. M. M., & Kover, S. T. (2005) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2803_2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
3D pattern of brain abnormalities in Fragile X syndrome visualized using tensor-based morphometry
Lee, A. D., Leow, A., Lu, A. P., Reiss, A. L., Hall, S. S., Chiang, M.-C., Toga, A. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.043 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationAberrant Brain Activation During Gaze Processing in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome
Watson, C., Hoeft, F., Garrett, A. S., Hall, S. S., & Reiss, A. L. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.11.1315 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationBiological and environmental contributions to adaptive behavior in fragile X syndrome
Glaser, B., Hessl, D. R., Dyer-Friedman, J., Johnston, C. K., Wisbeck, J. M., Taylor, A. K., & Reiss, A. L. (2002) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.10549 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationReiss, A. L. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02046.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationLoesch, D. Z., Huggins, R., Bui, M., Taylor, A. K., Pratt, C., Epstein, J., & Hagerman, R. J. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.20214 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Holsen, L. M., Dalton, K. M., Johnstone, T., & Davidson, R. J. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.08.009 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sullivan, K. M., Hatton, D. D., Hammer, J., Sideris, J. H., Hooper, S. R., Ornstein, P. A., & Bailey, D. B. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30504 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Functional brain activation during cognition is related to FMR1 gene expression
Menon, V., Kwon, H., D, S. E. M., Taylor, A. K., & Reiss, A. L. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02617-2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial cognition skills among females with fragile X
Mazzocco, M. M. M., Pennington, B. F., & Hagerman, R. J. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172129 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fragile X syndrome: clinical, electroencephalographic and neuroimaging characteristics
Guerreiro, M. M., Camargo, E. E., Kato, M., Marques‐de‐Faria, A. P., Ciasca, S. M., Guerreiro, C. A. M., Netto, J. R. M., & Moura-Ribeiro, M. V. L. (1998) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x1998000100003 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Language Use in Females with Fragile X or Turner Syndrome During Brief Initial Social Interactions
Mazzocco, M. M. M., Thompson, L., Sudhalter, V., Belser, R. C., Lesniak-Karpiak, K., & ROSS, J. L. (2006) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200608000-00007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Greicius, M. D., Anderson, J. M. B., Menon, V., & Reiss, A. L. (2004) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000134472.44362.be · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationFragile X premutations and (TA)n estrogen receptor polymorphism in women with ovarian dysfunction
Syrrou, M., Georgiou, I. A., Patsalis, P. C., Bouba, I., Adonakis, G., & Pagoulatos, G. N. (1999) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990528)84:3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A review of mathematical learning disabilities in children with fragile X syndrome
Murphy, M. M. (2009) · Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/ddrr.49 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Murphy, M. M., Abbeduto, L., Schroeder, S., & Serlin, R. C. (2007) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2007)112[0349:cosaif]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Measuring Interpersonal Problems in People With Mental Retardation
Kellett, S., Beail, N., & Newman, D. W. (2005) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lightbody, A. A., Hall, S. S., & Reiss, A. L. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30307 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationRote Numeric Skills May Mask Underlying Mathematical Disabilities in Girls With Fragile X Syndrome
Murphy, M. M., & Mazzocco, M. M. M. (2008) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565640801982429 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Miller (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990402)83:4
Huttenlocher (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19971020)387:2
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dichter, G. S., Damiano, C. A., & Allen, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/1866-1955-4-19 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions
Bölte, S., Neufeld, J., Marschik, P. B., Williams, Z. J., Gallagher, L., & Lai, M.-C. (2023) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-023-00774-6 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Fragile X and autism: intertwined at the molecular level leading to targeted treatments
Hagerman, R., Hoem, G., & Hagerman, P. (2010) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/2040-2392-1-12 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Abnormal structure or function of the amygdala is a common component of neurodevelopmental disorders
Schumann, C. M., Bauman, M. D., & Amaral, D. G. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.09.028 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Effects of intranasal oxytocin on social anxiety in males with fragile X syndrome
Hall, S. S., Lightbody, A. A., McCarthy, B. E., Parker, K. J., & Reiss, A. L. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.020 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationPlacebo Responses in Genetically Determined Intellectual Disability: A Meta-Analysis
Curie, A., Yang, K., Kirsch, I., Gollub, R. L., des Portes, V., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Jensen, K. B. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133316 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Heads‐up: New roles for the fragile X mental retardation protein in neural stem and progenitor cells
Callan, M. A., & Zarnescu, D. C. (2011) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.20745 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The neurochemical basis for the treatment of autism spectrum disorders and Fragile X syndrome
Hampson, D. R., Adusei, D. C., & Pacey, L. K. K. (2011) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.005 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lightbody, A. A., & Reiss, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lightbody, Amy A.
- Venue
- Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 343-352
- ISSN
- 1940-5510 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-5529
- PMC
- PMC4354896
- OpenAlex
- W2035813262
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH050047)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- fragile X syndrome, gene-brain-behavior relationship, FMRP, intellectual disability, neuroanatomical variation, gaze, executive function, behavioral inhibition, brain activation patterns
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Caudate Nucleus, Cerebellum, Fragile X Syndrome, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Intellectual Disability, Social Behavior, Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
