Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the pelvic organ prolapse and vaginal prolapse among the global population
Open accessAbstract
Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when one or more pelvic organs (uterus, bowel, bladder or top of the vagina) descend from their normal position and bulge into the vagina. Symptoms include pelvic discomfort, fullness, and changes in bladder or bowel function. Treatment ranges from conservative approaches to surgery, depending on symptom severity. Surgical methods include vaginal wall repair, with or without hysterectomy, or via laparoscopic, robotic or open techniques. Common complications include bleeding, infection, and urinary or bowel dysfunction. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, and a protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022346051). Publications from 30 April 1980 to 30 April 2023 were retrieved from multiple databases. Data were analysed using random‐effects and common‐effects models with subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Findings: Forty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria, with 29 studies used for meta‐analysis of vaginal prolapse surgery outcomes. Sixteen studies focused on patients who had undergone hysterectomy alongside prolapse repair. Interpretation: Patients who underwent vaginal prolapse surgery with hysterectomy experienced higher operative and postoperative complication rates than those without hysterectomy. Increased risks included hospital readmission, POP recurrence and re‐operation. The review highlighted a lack of diversity in terms of ethnicity, age and comorbidity status, which are essential to fully understanding the impact of POP. Future research should focus on these underrepresented factors.
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Obesity, which is related to morbidity, appears to be mitigated by both prehabilitation and the implementation of evidence informed early recovery after surgery programmes.
“Obesity, which is related to morbidity, appears to be mitigated by both prehabilitation and the implementation of evidence informed early recovery after surgery programmes [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13].”
From How Can We Improve the Assessment and Indifferent Outcomes From Pelvic Organ Prolapse Management From Conservative and Surgical Therapies? ICI‐RS 2025 (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
The Discussion considers surgical complications and mentions women with high BMI, but it does not link obesity to morbidity or assess whether prehabilitation or early recovery programmes mitigate it. Searches for prehabilitation and early recovery after surgery returned no passage addressing those interventions. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Mudalige, T., Pathiraja, V., Delanerolle, G., Cavalini, H., Wu, S., Taylor, J., Kurmi, O., Elliot, K., Hinchliff, S., Atkinson, C., Potocnik, K., Briggs, P., Saraswat, L., Kemp, H. F., Eleje, G., Hock, T. T., Benetti‐Pinto, C. L., Muhammad, I., Kareem, R., Bouchareb, Y., Phiri, P., Zhang, R., Weng, Y., Aggarwal, I., Shi, J. Q., Shetty, A., Litchfield, I., Rathnayake, N., & Elneil, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Ruhuna (LK)
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Coventry University (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Manchester Metropolitan University (GB)
- University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland UK
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- No affiliation
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NG)
- Sibu Hospital Sibu Sarawak Malaysia
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
- Riphah International University (PK)
- Sultan Qaboos University (OM)
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital (SG)
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Elneil, Sohier
- ORCID
- Mudalige, Tharanga
- Pathiraja, Vindya
- Delanerolle, Gayathri
- Cavalini, Heitor
- Taylor, Julie
- Kurmi, Om
- Hinchliff, Sharron
- Atkinson, Carol
- Potocnik, Kristina
- Briggs, Paula
- Saraswat, Lucky
- Kemp, Helen Felicity
- Eleje, George
- Benetti‐Pinto, Cristina Laguna
- Kareem, Rabia
- Bouchareb, Yassine
- Phiri, Peter
- Aggarwal, Ieera
- Shi, Jian Qing
- Shetty, Ashish
- Litchfield, Ian
- Rathnayake, Nirmala
- Elneil, Sohier
- Venue
- BJUI Compass
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-12-10
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e464-e464
- ISSN
- 2688-4526 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11771496
- OpenAlex
- W4405260240
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BJUI Compass (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
- Pure (Coventry University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Uterine Myomas and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Keywords
- pelvic organ prolapse, vaginal prolapse, vaginal prolapse surgery, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, surgical complications, hospital readmission, prolapse recurrence, reoperation, pelvic floor surgery
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