The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Animal evolution during domestication: the domesticated fox as a model
Open accessAbstract
We review the evolution of domestic animals, emphasizing the effect of the earliest steps of domestication on its course. Using the first domesticated species, the dog ( Canis familiaris ), for illustration, we describe the evolutionary peculiarities during the historical domestication, such as the high level and wide range of diversity. We suggest that the process of earliest domestication via unconscious and later conscious selection of human‐defined behavioral traits may accelerate phenotypic variations. The review is based on the results of a long‐term experiment designed to reproduce early mammalian domestication in the silver fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) selected for tameability or amenability to domestication. We describe changes in behavior, morphology and physiology that appeared in the fox during its selection for tameability, which were similar to those observed in the domestic dog. Based on the data of the fox experiment and survey of relevant data, we discuss the developmental, genetic and possible molecular genetic mechanisms underlying these changes. We ascribe the causative role in evolutionary transformation of domestic animals to the selection for behavior and to the neurospecific regulatory genes it affects.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Wild foxes, which are aggressive toward humans, started exhibiting traits typical for domesticated dogs.They approached humans eagerly, wagged their tails and played with the experimenters.37”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“The process of ‘feminization’ (reduction of androgen levels and rise in estrogen levels [21]) is often associated with reduced reactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis [26], a physiological trait thought to be critical for domestication [17, 27].”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“the hypofunction of which has been proposed as a key mechanism in the development of tame behaviors in domesticates (Trut et al., 2009;Wilkins et al., 2014).”
From Glutamate receptors in domestication and modern human evolution (2020) · cites this paper as Trut et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Introduction to Quantitative Genetics.
Edwards, A. W. F., & Falconer, D. S. (1982) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529912 · Cited by 21,447
A User's Guide to Principal Components
Leigh, S. D., & Jackson, J. E. (1993) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1269292 · Cited by 3,346
Lin, L., Faraco, J., Li, R., Kadotani, H., Rogers, W., Lin, X., Qiu, X., de Jong, P. J., Nishino, S., & Mignot, E. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81965-0 · Cited by 2,613
Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog
members, B. S. P., Lindblad-Toh, K., Wade, C. M., Mikkelsen, T. S., Karlsson, E. K., Jaffe, D. B., Kamal, M., Clamp, M., Chang, J. L., Kulbokas, E. J., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04338 · Cited by 2,568
A Use's Guide to Principal Components
Jackson, J. E. (1991) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/0471725331 · Cited by 2,523
The variation of animals and plants under domestication /
Darwin, C. R. (1905) · J. Murray eBooks · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.84435 · Cited by 1,712
Epigenetic inheritance at the agouti locus in the mouse
Morgan, H. D., Sutherland, H. G. E., Martin, D. I. K., & Whitelaw, E. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/15490 · Cited by 1,476
Maternal epigenetics and methyl supplements affect agouti gene expression in A vy /a mice
Wolff, G. L., Kodell, R. L., Moore, S. R., & Cooney, C. A. (1998) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.12.11.949 · Cited by 1,057
Rakyan, V. K., Chong, S., Blewitt, M. E., Cuthbert, P. C., Morgan, H. D., Luu, K. V. K., & Whitelaw, E. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0436776100 · Cited by 642
Early canid domestication: the farm-fox experiment.
Trut, L. (1999) · American Scientist · doi:10.1511/1999.2.160 · Cited by 626
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 22
- Herre W. K., 1959, Todays status of domestication research, Naturwissenschaftlich Rundsch, 12, 87
- Bogolyubski S. H., 1959, Origin and transformation of domestic animals. Manual for State Universities
- Postel‐Vinay O., 2004, The dog, a biological enigma, La Recherche, 375, 30
- Ayala F. J., 1988, Modern genetics
- Belyaev D. K., 1989, Vavilov's heritage in modern biology, 155
- Belyaev D. K., 1962, On some problems of correlative variability and their significance for the theory of evolution and selection of animals, Proc Siberian Division of SSSR Acad Sci, 10, 111
- Trut L. N., 1980, The role of behavior in domestication‐associated changes in animals as revealed with the example of silver fox. Doctoral (Biol.) Dissertation
- Belyaev D. K., 1983, Reorganization of the seasonal rhythm of reproduction in the silver black foxes during their selection for the capacity to domestication, Zh Obshch Biol, 42, 739
- Oskina I. N., 2000, Pituitary‐adrenal axis and problems of phenotypic diversity under animal domestication, Biodiversity and dynamics of ecosystems in North Eurasia, 1, 82
- Trut L. N., 1972, Change in pituitary‐adrenal function in silver foxes under selection for domestication, Genetika, 5, 35
- Oskina I. N., 2008, Alterations in the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal and immune systems during selection of animals for tame behavior, VOGiS Herald, 12, 39
- Naumenko E. V., 1980, Problems in general genetics, 12
- Trut L. N., 2000, Phenotypic diversity of domestic animals and temporal developmental parameters, Biodiversity and dynamics of ecosystems in North Eurasia, 1, 119
- 10.1210/me.14.4.506 · DOI
- Oskina I. N. Herbeck Yu. E. Il'ina O. V. andGulevich R. G. 2007.Expression of the glucocorticoid receptor genes in grey rats under selection for behavior. Proceedings of the 20th congress of the pavlov's physiological society. Moscow Russian physician Publishing House. p364(In Russian).
- Buznikov G. A., 1987, Neurotransmitters in ontogenesis
- Kaidanov L. Z., 1989, Animal population genetics, Sov Sci Rev F Physiol Biol, 3, 201
- Spieth H. T., 1974, Genetic mechanisms of speciation in insect, 94
- Schmalhausen I., 1949, The theory of stabilizing selection
- Kirkness E. F., 2006, The dog and its genome, 209
- Romashchenko A. G., 2000, Molecular evolution of Canidae Bsp‐repeats: structure formation and the mechanisms of informational saturation of DNA molecules. In: Shumny VK, Markel AL, eds. Modern concepts of evolutionary genetics. Novosibirsk, ICG SB RAS, 177
- Trut L. N., 2006, The dog and its genome, 81
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sikes, R. S., & the Animal Care and Use Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists (2016) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyw078 · Cited by 3,218
Wilkins, A. S., Wrangham, R. W., & Fitch, W. T. (2014) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.114.165423 · Cited by 751
The Evolution of Animal Domestication
Larson, G., & Fuller, D. Q. (2014) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135813 · Cited by 640
Hare, B., Wobber, V., & Wrangham, R. (2012) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.007 · Cited by 613
Survival of the Friendliest: Homo sapiens Evolved via Selection for Prosociality
Hare, B. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044201 · Cited by 444
Metadata
- Authors
- Trut, L., Oskina, I., & Kharlamova, A.
- Affiliations
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- Corresponding author
- Trut, Lyudmila
- Venue
- BioEssays
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 349-360
- ISSN
- 0265-9247 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-1878
- PMC
- PMC2763232
- OpenAlex
- W2119978637
- Cited by
- 636
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- BioEssays (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH077811)
- Fogarty International Center (R03TW008098)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- animal domestication, silver fox, dog evolution, behavioral selection, phenotypic variability, molecular genetic mechanisms, long-term selection experiment, dogs
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Domestic, Behavior, Animal, Dogs, Biological Evolution, Female, Foxes, Humans, Male, Phenotype, Time Factors, Models, Animal, Neuroendocrine Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
