Pioneer factors and ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling factors interact dynamically: A new perspective: Multiple transcription factors can effect chromatin pioneer functions through dynamic interactions with ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling factors
Open accessAbstract
Transcription factor (TF) signaling regulates gene transcription and requires a complex network of proteins. This network includes co‐activators, co‐repressors, multiple TFs, histone‐modifying complexes, and the basal transcription machinery. It has been widely appreciated that pioneer factors, such as FoxA1 and GATA1, play an important role in opening closed chromatin regions, thereby allowing binding of a secondary factor. In this review we will focus on a newly proposed model wherein multiple TFs, such as steroid receptors (SRs), can function in a pioneering role. This model, termed dynamic assisted loading, integrates data from widely divergent methodologies, including genome wide ChIP‐Seq, digital genomic footprinting, DHS‐Seq, live cell protein dynamics, and biochemical studies of ATP‐dependent remodeling complexes, to present a real time view of TF chromatin interactions. Under this view, many TFs can act as initiating factors for chromatin landscape programming. Furthermore, enhancer and promoter states are more accurately described as energy‐dependent, non‐equilibrium steady states.
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Dynamic assisted loading does not require a physical interaction between TFs, but is thought to rely on one TF activating the enhancer by recruiting chromatin remodeling and histone modifying enzymes to the enhancer, thereby making it more accessible to other TFs.
“This effect, termed ‘dynamic assisted loading’, does not require a physical interaction between TFs, but is thought to rely on one TF activating the enhancer by recruiting chromatin remodeling and histone modifying enzymes to the enhancer, thereby making it more accessible to other TFs29.”
From Synergistic gene expression during the acute phase response is characterized by transcription factor assisted loading (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
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- Authors
- Swinstead, E. E., Paakinaho, V., Presman, D. M., & Hager, G. L.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hager, Gordon L.
- Venue
- BioEssays
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-09-16
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1150-1157
- ISSN
- 0265-9247 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-1878
- PMC
- PMC6319265
- OpenAlex
- W2518972560
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- BioEssays (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Sigrid Jusélius Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- pioneer factors, transcription factor binding, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, steroid hormone receptors, FOXA1, GATA-1, nonequilibrium steady states, chromatin accessibility, transcriptional coactivator, histone-modifying complexes, transcriptional regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Humans, Models, Genetic, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription Factors, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
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