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Set‐aside cells in maximal indirect development: Evolutionary and developmental significance
Abstract
In the maximal form of indirect development found in many taxa of marine invertebrates, embryonic cell lineages of fixed fate and limited division capacity give rise to the larval structures. The adult arises from set‐aside cells in the larva that are held out from the early embryonic specification processes, and that retain extensive proliferative capacity. We review the locations and fates of set‐aside cells in two protostomes, a lophophorate and a deuterostome. The distinct adult body plans of many phyla develop from homologous set‐aside cells within homologous larvae. We argue that the stocks from which these phyla arose utilized these respective larvae, and the diversity of their adult body plans reflects diverse pattern formation processes executed in their set‐aside cell populations. Chordates and arthropods develop directly, but share adult characters with indirectly developing phyla. Thus the deuterostome and protostome stocks that were ancestral to chordates and arthropods, respectively, also utilized maximal indirect development.
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In the citing paper
“Many lines of evidence show that for deuterostomes and lophotrochozoans maximal indirect development is primitive, and direct development is derived (36–38).”
From Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China (2000) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“In maximal indirect development, the adult body plan instead forms within the larva by a complex secondary process from special patches of cells set aside during embryogenesis (1).”
From Expression of the Hox gene complex in the indirect development of a sea urchin (1998) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“We have discussed elsewhere evidence that has led us and our colleagues to conclude that indirect development is primitive for bilaterians (1, 5).”
From Expression of the Hox gene complex in the indirect development of a sea urchin (1998) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“In maximal indirect development, as defined earlier (Davidson et al., 1995;Peterson et al., 1997), the embryo gives rise to a larva that bears little relation to the adult body plan, and the latter is formed by a separate postembryonic developmental process.”
From Bilaterian Origins: Significance of New Experimental Observations (2000) · cites this paper as Peterson et al., 1997
In the citing paper
“In addition it would have expressed the Brachyury gene in its mesodermal set-aside cells (Peterson et al., 1999a,b), supporting the obvious morphological homology of these cells and their coelomic derivatives (Peterson et al., 1997).”
From Bilaterian Origins: Significance of New Experimental Observations (2000) · cites this paper as Peterson et al., 1997
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Page, L. R. (2000) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00017.x · Cited by 23
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Metadata
- Authors
- Peterson, K. J., Cameron, R. A., & Davidson, E. H.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- BioEssays
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-07
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 623-631
- ISSN
- 0265-9247 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-1878
- OpenAlex
- W2091430768
- Semantic Scholar
- 1f5d5b8085a17fa2183504b7ec2e7338f404df75
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BioEssays (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD05753)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Keywords
- larval development, embryonic cell lineage, pattern formation, protostomes, deuterostomes, lophophorates, chordate evolution, arthropod evolution, body plan evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arthropods, Chordata, Nonvertebrate, Biological Evolution, Invertebrates, Larva, Morphogenesis, Phylogeny, Species Specificity, Stem Cells, Cell Lineage
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