Systematic reviews and meta-analysis for the surgeon scientist
Abstract
Background: Understanding of data-reporting methods is imperative for correct interpretation of the medical literature as well as for proper performance of future clinical research. Recent developments in biostatistics have greatly changed the types of statistical analyses used and the minimum quality standards that must be maintained. Method: Different types of review are described, including systematic review with and without meta-analysis. Minimum reporting standards, sources of bias, both quantitative and qualitative, and references are discussed. Results and Conclusion: Meta-analysis has become a clearly defined technique, with reporting standards for both randomized controlled trials and observational studies. It is assuming a wider role in the surgical literature. Although many sources of bias exist, there are clear reporting standards and readers should be aware of these when studying the literature.
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Many articles recommended that the eligibility criteria need to be pre-specified and that the rationale for defining the eligibility criteria should be explicitly justified, unambiguous, and derived from the review question.
“Many recommended that the eligibility criteria need to be pre-specified [30, 33, 38, 39, 47, 55, 65] and that the rationale for defining the eligibility criteria should be explicitly justified [38, 39, 65], unambiguous [65], and derived from the review question [47].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
Twenty (22%) articles reported on item "publication bias", with publication dates between 1994 and 2012 (median year 2001).
“Twenty (22%) articles reported on item “publication bias” [16, 29, 33, 34, 36, 46, 48–50, 55, 56, 61, 70, 78, 85, 95–99], with publication dates between 1994 and 2012 (median year of publication 2001).”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
One article recommended exploring study heterogeneity by leaving out one or more studies from the analyses and comparing results with the main analysis including all studies.
“One article recommended exploring study heterogeneity by leaving out one or more studies from the analyses and comparing results with the main analysis including all studies [55].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
One common recommendation was to explore heterogeneity in sensitivity analyses, comparing studies stratified by design or clinical features.
“One common recommendation was to explore heterogeneity in sensitivity analyses, comparing studies stratified by design or clinical features [12, 16, 29, 34, 39, 51, 55, 56, 66, 77, 85, 100, 102].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
Different articles advise to graphically examine the presence of publication bias using funnel plots, or to assess it with statistical tests.
“Since “journals are typically more likely to publish results that establish a difference than those that do not” [48], and publication bias is difficult to eliminate, different articles advise to graphically examine its presence using funnel plots, or to assess it with statistical tests [16, 36, 48, 55, 85, 97, 99].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
Authors recommended not to pool if heterogeneity is too high, and use statistical measures of heterogeneity to choose between random-effects and fixed-effect models.
“Authors recommended not to pool if heterogeneity is too high [35, 38, 47, 85, 103], and use statistical measures of heterogeneity to choose between random-effects (in case of heterogeneity) and fixed-effect models [55, 66].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
Many considered heterogeneity important for the decision whether to pool the data.
“Many considered heterogeneity important for the decision whether to pool the data [34, 36, 47, 55, 56, 66, 101, 103].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
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- Authors
- Mahid, S. S., Hornung, C. A., Minor, K. S., Turina, M., & Galandiuk, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Louisville (US)
- Corresponding author
- Galandiuk, S
- Venue
- British Journal of Surgery
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-10-23
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1315-1324
- ISSN
- 0007-1323 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2061029780
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- British journal of surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- systematic reviews, meta-analysis, reporting guidelines, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, surgical research, biostatistics, literary interpretation
- MeSH terms
- Review Literature as Topic, Statistics as Topic, General Surgery, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Information Storage and Retrieval, Narration
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