Motivational pathways underlying the onset and maintenance of viewing child pornography on the Internet

Knack, Natasha; Holmes, Dave; Fedoroff, J. Paul

doi:10.1002/bsl.2450

Cited by 36Sexuality, Behavior, and TechnologyPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual OffendingCybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies

Motivational pathways underlying the onset and maintenance of viewing child pornography on the Internet

Knack, Natasha, Holmes, Dave, Fedoroff, J. Paul·2020·Behavioral Sciences & the Law

DOI 10.1002/bsl.2450

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Abstract

The staggering rate at which incidents of child pornography (CP) are increasing highlights the need for proactive approaches to this problem. Improving the efficacy and accessibility of interventions designed for individuals who view CP provides one means of addressing this growing concern. This article explores the self‐identified motivations underlying the onset and maintenance of viewing Internet‐based CP among a sample of 20 men receiving treatment for this behavior. Our findings suggest two primary motivational pathways, namely a desire to achieve sexual gratification and/or an attempt to avoid emotional pain. We propose a behavioral facilitation process, initiated by extensive exposure to Internet pornography, to explain the use of CP in men without a sexual interest in children. We also discuss factors that appeared to facilitate the maintenance of this behavior. Our findings indicate that social skills deficits, maladaptive coping strategies, and a lack of sexual education require further investigation regarding their role in promoting or precluding desistance from viewing CP.

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Evidence from CSAM offender studies indicates that prolonged engagement with pornography can, for some, lead to normalization of more extreme content, including CSAM.
“While not all individuals progress to illegal content, evidence from CSAM offender studies indicates that prolonged engagement with pornography can, for some, lead to the normalization of more extreme content, including CSAM (Knack et al. 2020).”
From AI-generated child sexual abuse material: what’s the harm? (2026) · cites this paper as Knack et al. 2020

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Authors: Knack, N., Holmes, D., & Fedoroff, J. P.
Affiliations: Mental Health Research Canada (CA)
University of California, Irvine (US)
University of Ottawa (CA)
Corresponding author: Knack, Natasha
ORCID: Knack, Natasha
Holmes, Dave
Fedoroff, J. Paul
Venue: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2020-02-13
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Pages: 100-116
ISSN: 0735-3936 (ISSN-L)
1099-0798
DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2450
OpenAlex: W3006276803
Cited by: 35
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
FWCI: 1.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Behavioral Sciences & the Law (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Ottawa Medical Research Fund
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
Keywords: child pornography, sexual motivation, sexual gratification, behavioral facilitation, desistance from crime, social skills deficits, maladaptive coping, sex education
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Erotica, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Pedophilia, Sexual Behavior, Internet

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Motivational pathways underlying the onset and maintenance of viewing child pornography on the Internet

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