Cited by 290Cancer survivorship and careCancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune ResponsePalliative and Oncologic Care

Effects of supportive‐expressive group therapy on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer: A randomized prospective trial

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Spiegel, David, Butler, Lisa D., Giese‐Davis, Janine, Koopman, Cheryl, Miller, Elaine, DiMiceli, Sue, Classen, Catherine C., Fobair, Patricia +2 more·2007·Cancer

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to replicate our earlier finding that intensive group therapy extended survival time of women with metastatic breast cancer. Subsequent findings concerning the question of whether such psychosocial support affects survival have been mixed. METHODS: One hundred twenty-five women with confirmed metastatic (n = 122) or locally recurrent (n = 3) breast cancer were randomly assigned either to the supportive-expressive group therapy condition (n = 64), where they received educational materials plus weekly supportive-expressive group therapy, or to the control condition (n = 61), where they received only educational materials for a minimum of 1 year. The treatment, 90 minutes once a week, was designed to build new bonds of social support, encourage expression of emotion, deal with fears of dying and death, help restructure life priorities, improve communication with family members and healthcare professionals, and enhance control of pain and anxiety. RESULTS: Overall mortality after 14 years was 86%; median survival time was 32.8 months. No overall statistically significant effect of treatment on survival was found for treatment (median, 30.7 months) compared with control (median, 33.3 months) patients, but there was a statistically significant intervention site-by-condition interaction. Exploratory moderator analysis to explain that interaction revealed a significant overall interaction between estrogen-receptor (ER) status and treatment condition (P = .002) such that among the 25 ER-negative participants, those randomized to treatment survived longer (median, 29.8 months) than ER-negative controls (median, 9.3 months), whereas the ER-positive participants showed no treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS: The earlier finding that longer survival was associated with supportive-expressive group therapy was not replicated. Although it is possible that psychosocial effects on survival are relevant to a small subsample of women who are more refractory to current hormonal treatments, further research is required to investigate subgroup differences.

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Kogon MM, Biswas A, Pearl D, Carlson RW, Spiegel D. Effects of medical and psychotherapeutic treatment on the survival of women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer. 1997;80:225-230.
  2. Ilnyckyj A, Farber J, Cheang M, Weinerman B. A rando- mized controlled trial of psychotherapeutic intervention in cancer patients. Ann R Coll Phys Surg Can. 1994;27:93-96.
  3. Edelman S, Lemon J, Bell DR, Kidman AD. Effects of group CBT on the survival time of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Psychooncology. 1999;8:474-481.
  4. Smedslund G, Ringdal GI. Meta-analysis of the effects of psy- chosocial interventions on survival time in cancer patients. J Psychosom Res. 2004;57:123-131; discussion, 133-135.
  5. Fox BA. A hypothesis about Spiegel et al.'s 1989 paper on psychosocial intervention and breast cancer survival. Psy- chooncology. 1998;7:361-370.
  6. Goodwin PJ, Pritchard KI, Spiegel D. The Fox guarding the clinical trial: internal vs. external validity in randomized studies [letter]. Psychooncology. 1999;8:275. Comment in: Psychooncology. 1999;8:366-367.

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Authors
Spiegel, D., Butler, L. D., Giese‐Davis, J., Koopman, C., Miller, E., DiMiceli, S., Classen, C. C., Fobair, P., Carlson, R. W., & Kraemer, H. C.
Affiliations
  • Stanford Medicine (US)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author
Spiegel, David
Venue
Cancer
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2007-08-20
Volume
110
Issue
5
Pages
1130-1138
ISSN
  • 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0142
OpenAlex
W1519098354
Cited by
290
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 23
FWCI
10.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
  • Fetzer Institute
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH047226)
  • National Cancer Institute
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
Keywords
supportive-expressive group therapy, metastatic breast cancer, survival, psychosocial interventions, estrogen receptor status, replication, social support, emotional expression, locally recurrent breast cancer
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychotherapy, Group, Time Factors, Logistic Models, Kaplan-Meier Estimate

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