Depression and cancer: mechanisms and disease progression

Spiegel, David; Giese-Davis, Janine

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00566-3

Cited by 874Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune ResponseCancer survivorship and careTryptophan and brain disorders

Depression and cancer: mechanisms and disease progression

Spiegel, David, Giese-Davis, Janine·2003·Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00566-3

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Abstract

Depression and cancer commonly co-occur. The prevalence of depression among cancer patients increases with disease severity and symptoms such as pain and fatigue. The literature on depression as a predictor of cancer incidence is mixed, although chronic and severe depression may be associated with elevated cancer risk. There is divided but stronger evidence that depression predicts cancer progression and mortality, although disentangling the deleterious effects of disease progression on mood complicates this research, as does the fact that some symptoms of cancer and its treatment mimic depression. There is evidence that providing psychosocial support reduces depression, anxiety, and pain, and may increase survival time with cancer, although studies in this latter area are also divided. Psychophysiological mechanisms linking depression and cancer progression include dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, especially diurnal variation in cortisol and melatonin. Depression also affects components of immune function that may affect cancer surveillance. Thus, there is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between cancer and depression, offering new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

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Depression may predict cancer's progression and mortality through a bidirectional relationship between depression and cancer.
“A 2003 article by Spiegel and Giese-Davis pointed out that depression may predict cancer’s progression and mortality through a bidirectional relationship between depression and cancer; depression and cancer can negatively affect each other [7].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy versus mindfulness-based stress reduction for newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy for positive psychology, depression, anxiety, and quality of life (2022) · cites this paper as [7]

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Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis.
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“Clinical depression may have stronger effects on mortality because depressive symptoms in the lower range may be less likely to affect the suggested moderators of the depression–mortality relationship, such as low compliance (Spiegel & Giese-Davis, 2003).”
BackgroundInfluential
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The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on symptoms of anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients and survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being
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Transcriptome profiling revealed multiple genes and ECM-receptor interaction pathways that may be associated with breast cancer
Bao, Y., Wang, L., Shi, L., Yun, F., Liu, X., Chen, Y., Chen, C., Ren, Y., & Jia, Y. (2019) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.1186/s11658-019-0162-0 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
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A review of psychological correlates of adjustment in patients with multiple sclerosis
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Lamers, S. M. A., Bolier, L., Westerhof, G. J., Smit, F., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9379-8 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
“…et al., 1996), coronary heart disease (Glassman & Shapiro, 1998), diabetes complications (De Groot et al., 2001), cancer incidence, progression (Spiegel & Giese-Davis, 2003) and cancer mortality (Satin et al., 2009), and anxiety may influence the development of coronary heart disease…”
Background
Increased Serum Levels of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine in Clinical Depression
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The association of depression and anxiety with health-related quality of life in cancer patients with depression and/or pain
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Survival prediction in terminally ill cancer patients by clinical estimates, laboratory tests, and self-rated anxiety and depression.
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Epigenetic aging in major depressive disorder
Han, L. K. M., Aghajani, M., Clark, S. L., Chan, R. F., Hattab, M. W., Shabalin, A. A., Zhao, M., Kumar, G., Xie, L. Y., Jansen, R., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17060595 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
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Rajan, S., McKee, M., Rangarajan, S., Bangdiwala, S. I., Rosengren, A., Gupta, R., Kutty, V. R., Wielgosz, A. T., Lear, S. A., AlHabib, K. F., et al. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1351 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Improving general medical care for persons with mental and addictive disorders: systematic review
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Suicide Risk in Cancer Patients From 1960 to 1999
Hem, E., Loge, J. H., Haldorsen, T., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2004.02.052 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
ENIGMA MDD: seven years of global neuroimaging studies of major depression through worldwide data sharing
Schmaal, L., Pozzi, E., Ho, T. C., van Velzen, L. S., Veer, I. M., Opel, N., Someren, E. J. W. V., Han, L. K. M., Aftanas, L., Aleman, A., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0842-6 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Depression and prostate cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study
Chen, X., Kong, J., Diao, X., Cai, J., Zheng, J., Xie, W., Qin, H., Huang, J., & Lin, T. (2020) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.3493 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Impact of the Autonomic Nervous System on the Skeleton
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Mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with depressive subsymptoms and severity of major depression
Karabatsiakis, A., Böck, C., Salinas-Manrique, J., Kolassa, S., Calzia, E., Dietrich, D. E., & Kolassa, I. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.44 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Art therapy improved depression and influenced fatigue levels in cancer patients on chemotherapy
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Epinephrine Protects Cancer Cells from Apoptosis via Activation of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase and BAD Phosphorylation
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Behavioral stress accelerates prostate cancer development in mice
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Psychosocial stress and inflammation in cancer
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Depression and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Authors: Spiegel, D., & Giese-Davis, J.
Affiliations: Stanford Medicine (US)
ORCID: Spiegel, David
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-08
Volume: 54
Issue: 3
Pages: 269-282
ISSN: 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00566-3
OpenAlex: W2032018235
Cited by: 874
References: 147
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 3.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute
National Institutes of Health (5R01 MH047226)
National Institute of Mental Health (5P01AG018784)
National Institute on Aging
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: depression, cancer, tumor progression, cancer mortality, cancer incidence, psychosocial support, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol, melatonin, immune function, cancer surveillance, pain, fatigue, bidirectional relationship
MeSH terms: Adrenal Glands, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Treatment Refusal, Disease Progression

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