Beta‐carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers versus former smokers: A meta‐analysis and evaluation of national brands
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Some studies have suggested that beta-carotene supplementation may increase the risk of lung cancer, particularly among smokers or former smokers. Beta-carotene, a provitamin A, is available in multivitamins. In the current study, the authors investigated the risk of lung cancer associated with beta-carotene in smokers or former smokers and surveyed the beta-carotene content in national brand multivitamins. METHODS: The authors systemically reviewed the published literature using a search of the MEDLINE database and performed a meta-analysis of large randomized trials that reported on the effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of lung cancer among smokers or former smokers. A sample of multivitamins was evaluated for their beta-carotene content and the suggested daily dosage. RESULTS: Four studies contributing 109,394 subjects were available for analysis. The average daily beta-carotene dosage in these trials ranged from 20 to 30 mg daily. Among current smokers, beta-carotene supplementation was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10-1.39). Among former smokers, there was no significant increase noted (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.84-1.45). In a sample of 47 common multivitamins, beta-carotene was present in 70% of the identified formulas. The median dosage of beta-carotene was 0.3 mg (range, 0-17.2 mg) daily. The beta-carotene content was found to be significantly higher among multivitamins sold to improve visual health than among other multivitamins, with a median daily dosage of 3 mg (range, 0-24 mg). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose beta-carotene supplementation appears to increase the risk of lung cancer among current smokers. Although beta-carotene was prevalent in multivitamins, high-dose beta-carotene was observed among multivitamin formulas sold to promote visual health.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In certain situations, antioxidant micronutrients may be harmful (eg, β-carotene supplementation increased lung cancer risk in smokers).
“In certain situations, antioxidant micronutrients may be harmful (eg, β-carotene supplementation increased lung cancer risk in smokers).”
From Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
Cites
(1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199404143301501 · Cited by 4,737 · see citing works
Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease
Omenn, G. S., Goodman, G. E., Thornquist, M. D., Balmes, J., Cullen, M. R., Glass, A., Keogh, J. P., Meyskens, F. L., Valanis, B., Williams, J. H., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199605023341802 · Cited by 3,638 · see citing works
(2001) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.119.10.1417 · Cited by 3,285 · see citing works
Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M., Rosner, B., Cook, N. R., Belanger, C., LaMotte, F., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199605023341801 · Cited by 2,397 · see citing works
Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration
Smith, W., Assink, J., Klein, R., Mitchell, P., Klaver, C. C. W., Klein, B. E. K., Hofman, A., Jensen, S., Wang, J. J., & de Jong, P. T. V. M. (2001) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00580-7 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Richardson, M. A., Sanders, T., Palmer, J. L., Greisinger, A. J., & Singletary, S. E. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2000.18.13.2505 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Espey, D. K., Wu, X., Swan, J., Wiggins, C. L., Jim, M. A., Ward, E., Wingo, P. A., Howe, H. L., Ries, L. A. G., Miller, B. A., et al. (2007) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.23044 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Lee, I.-M. M., Cook, N. R., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., & Hennekens, C. H. (1999) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/91.24.2102 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Advising Patients Who Seek Alternative Medical Therapies
Eisenberg, D. M. (1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-1-199707010-00010 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Goodman, G. E., Thornquist, M. D., Balmes, J. R., Cullen, M. R., Meyskens, F. L., Omenn, G. S., VALANIS, B. G., & Williams, J. H. (2004) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djh320 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Incidence of Cancer and Mortality Following α-Tocopherol and β-Carotene Supplementation
Virtamo, J. R. K., Pietinen, P., Huttunen, J. K., Korhonen, P. A., Malila, N. K., Virtanen, M. J., Albanes, D., Taylor, P. R., & Albert, P. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.4.476 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Wang, X.-D., Liu, C., Bronson, R. T., Smith, D. E., Krinsky, N. I., & Russell, R. M. (1999) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/91.1.60 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Adjuvant treatment of stage I lung cancer with high-dose vitamin A.
Pastorino, U., Infante, M. V., Maioli, M., Chiesa, G., Buyse, M. E., Firket, P., Rosmentz, N., Clerici, M., Soresi, E., & Valente, M. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1993.11.7.1216 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Evans, J. R., & Lawrenson, J. G. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000254.pub4 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Panel, N. S.-O.-T.-S. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00136 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Cortés-Jofré, M., Rueda, J.-R., Lobos, C. A., Eva Madrid, A., & Bonfill, X. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002141.pub3 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Lifestyle and diet in people using dietary supplements
Reinert, A., Rohrmann, S., Becker, N., & Linseisen, J. (2007) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-007-0650-2 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Dual Association of β-Carotene With Risk of Tobacco-Related Cancers in a Cohort of French Women
Touvier, M., Kesse‐Guyot, E., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., & Boutron‐Ruault, M. (2005) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/dji276 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Palozza, P. (2004) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh142 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Hernández, M. C., Sacristán, M., Serra, C., & Bonfill, X. (2003) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002141 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Gray, J. E., Mao, J. T., Szabo, E. M., Kelley, M. J., Kurie, J. M., & Bepler, G. (2007) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.07-1348 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationEvans, J. R. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000254.pub2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
-Carotene and the Risk of Lung Cancer
Pastorino, U. (1997) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/89.6.456 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fortmann, S. P., Burda, B. U., Senger, C. A., Lin, J. S., & Whitlock, E. P. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00729 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Vitamins C and E and beta carotene supplementation and cancer risk: a randomized controlled trial
Lin, J., Cook, N. R., Albert, C., Zaharris, E., Gaziano, J. M., Van Denburgh, M., Buring, J. E., & Manson, J. E. (2009) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djn438 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Lung cancer in patients who have never smoked — an emerging disease
LoPiccolo, J., Gusev, A., Christiani, D. C., & Janne, P. A. (2024) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00844-0 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Druesne‐Pecollo, N., Latino‐Martel, P., Norat, T., Barrandon, E., Bertrais, S., Galan, P., & Hercberg, S. (2010) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.25008 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Problems and Prospects: Public Health Regulation of Dietary Supplements
Binns, C. W., Lee, M. K., & Lee, A. H. (2017) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013638 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
An, P., Wan, S., Luo, Y., Luo, J., Zhang, X., Zhou, S., Xu, T., He, J., Mechanick, J. I., Wu, W.-C., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.048 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Lipid metabolism and lung cancer
Salvador, M. M., de Cedrón, M. G., Moreno‐Rubio, J., Martínez, S. F., Sánchez‐Martínez, R., Casado, E., de Molina, A. R., & Sereno, M. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.001 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Exploring the Valuable Carotenoids for the Large-Scale Production by Marine Microorganisms
Torregrosa‐Crespo, J., Montero, Z., Fuentes, J. L., García-Galbis, M. R., Garbayo, I., Vı́lchez, C., & Martínez‐Espinosa, R. M. (2018) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md16060203 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Kamal, F. Z., Lefter, R. M., Ali, A., Ech‐Chahad, A., Truş, C., Ciobica, A. S., & Timofte, D. V. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/9965916 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Moyer, V. A., & on behalf of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* (2014) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-0198 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Zinder, R., Cooley, R., Vlad, L. G., & Molnar, J. A. (2019) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10420 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
MAPK signalling pathway in cancers: Olive products as cancer preventive and therapeutic agents
Peluso, I., Yarla, N. S., Ambra, R., Pastore, G., & Perry, G. L. (2017) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.002 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Cortés-Jofré, M., Rueda, J.-R., Lobos, C. A., Eva Madrid, A., & Bonfill, X. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002141.pub3 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Nature, Nurture, and Cancer Risks: Genetic and Nutritional Contributions to Cancer
Τheodoratou, E., Timofeeva, M. N., Li, X., Meng, X., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2017) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051004 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Latino‐Martel, P., Cottet, V., Druesne‐Pecollo, N., Pierre, F. H. F., Touillaud, M. S., Touvier, M., Vasson, M., Deschasaux, M., Merdy, J. L., Barrandon, É., et al. (2016) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.01.002 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Benzo(a)pyrene induced lung cancer: Role of dietary phytochemicals in chemoprevention
Kasala, E. R., Bodduluru, L. N., Barua, C. C., Sriram, C. S., & Gogoi, R. (2015) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.004 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Multivitamin Use and the Risk of Mortality and Cancer Incidence: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Park, S.-Y., Murphy, S. P., Wilkens, L. R., Henderson, B. E., & Kolonel, L. N. (2011) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq447 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review
Zaheer, K. (2017) · CyTA - Journal of Food · doi:10.1080/19476337.2016.1266033 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The shifting perception on antioxidants: The case of vitamin E and β-carotene
Vrolijk, M. F., Opperhuizen, A., Jansen, E. H. J. M., Godschalk, R., van Schooten, F., Bast, A., & Haenen, G. R. M. M. (2015) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2014.12.017 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Adverse effects of antioxidative vitamins
Rutkowski, M., & Grzegorczyk, K. (2012) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.2478/s13382-012-0022-x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Kordiak, J., Bielec, F., Jabłoński, S., & Pastuszak‐Lewandoska, D. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14071361 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Nagarajan, J., Ramanan, R. N., Raghunandan, M. E., Galanakis, C. M., & Prasad, K. N. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805257-0.00008-9 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer
Szabo, E. M., Mao, J. T., Lam, S. C., Reid, M. E., & Keith, R. L. (2013) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.12-2348 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Antioxidant Supplementation on Cancer Risk and During Cancer Therapy: An Update
Özben, T. (2014) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026615666141209160918 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress and Microglial Response in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Murakami, Y., Nakabeppu, Y., & Sonoda, K. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21197170 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Alsharairi, N. A. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11040725 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Nutritional supplements in age‐related macular degeneration
Schmidl, D., Garhöfer, G., & Schmetterer, L. (2015) · Acta ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.12650 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lawrenson, J. G., & Downie, L. E. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11092123 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer
Keith, R. L. (2009) · Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/pats.200807-067lc · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Black, C. N., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Bot, M., Odegaard, A., Gross, M., Matthews, K. A., & Jacobs, D. R. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Attractive Skin Coloration: Harnessing Sexual Selection to Improve Diet and Health
Whitehead, R., Perrett, D. I., & Özakinci, G. (2012) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470491201000507 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Jeon, Y., Myung, S., Lee, E., Kim, Y., Chang, Y. J., Ju, W., Cho, H., Seo, H. G., & Huh, B. Y. (2011) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2011.607541 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cohen, P. A. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.14252 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bernstein, P. S., Ahmed, F., Liu, A., Allman, S. J., Sheng, X., Sharifzadeh, M., Ermakov, I. V., & Gellermann, W. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10275 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Pilkington, K., & Boshnakova, A. (2011) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2011.10.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Factors affecting consumers’ decisions on the use of nutraceuticals: a systematic review
Teoh, S. L., Ngorsuraches, S., Lai, N. M., Bangpan, M., & Chaiyakunapruk, N. (2019) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2018.1538326 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals
Dasgupta, A., & Klein, K. L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405872-9.00015-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Vieth, R. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365513.2012.682893 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lan, Q.-Y., Zhang, Y., Liao, G., Zhou, R.-F., Zhou, Z., Chen, Y., & Zhu, H. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8100624 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sui, J., Guo, J., Pan, D., Wang, Y., Xu, Y. J., Sun, G., & Xia, H. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13091321 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Can Nutrition Lower the Risk of Recurrence in Breast Cancer
Weigl, J., Hauner, H., & Hauner, D. (2018) · Breast Care · doi:10.1159/000488718 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer: Prospects and Disappointments in Human Clinical Trials
Greenberg, A. K., Tsay, J.-C. J., Tchou-Wong, K.-M., Jorgensen, A., & Rom, W. N. (2013) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers5010131 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kwon, Y. (2018) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00753 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Suzuki, M., & Tomita, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.861619 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: the role of oxidative stress
Ma, C., Li, H., Lu, S., & Li, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1400869 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Targeting cancer stem‐like cells using dietary‐derived agents – Where are we now?
Khan, S. M., Karmokar, A., Howells, L. M., Thomas, A., Bayliss, R. W., Gescher, A. J., & Brown, K. (2016) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201500887 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Genotype-guided dietary supplementation in precision nutrition
Gkouskou, K. K., Grammatikopoulou, M. G., Vlastos, I. M., Sanoudou, D., & Eliopoulos, A. G. (2020) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa132 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Vitamins A and E content of commercial infant foods in the UK: A cause for concern?
Loughrill, E., Govinden, P., & Zand, N. (2016) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.014 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Redox Balance in Cancer in the Context of Tumor Prevention and Treatment
Sutkowy, P., & Czeleń, P. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13051149 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mullin, G. E. (2011) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533611411583 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Variation in antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Fructus Jujubae in South Xinjiang area
Cui, G., Zhang, W., Zhang, A., Mu, H., Bai, H., Duan, J., & Wu, C. (2013) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.013 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Latief, U., Husain, H., & Ahmad, R. (2018) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.027 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Strowd, R. E., III, & Grossman, S. A. (2015) · Current Treatment Options in Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11864-015-0356-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Is there a role for complementary therapy in the management of leukemia?
Wesa, K. M., & Cassileth, B. R. (2009) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1586/era.09.100 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
D’Angelo, A., Vitiello, L., Gagliardi, V., Salerno, G., Pascale, I. D., Coppola, A., Abbinante, G., Pellegrino, A., & Giannaccare, G. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14060653 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Farkas, Á., Bencsik, T., & Deli, J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50971-2_17 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Food for Eye Health: Carotenoids and Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Chiu, H., Shen, Y., Venkatakrishnan, K., & Wang, C. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.21740-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Clinical features and lipid metabolism genes as potential biomarkers in advanced lung cancer
Salvador, M. M., Fernández, L. P., Moreno‐Rubio, J., Colmenarejo, G., Casado, E., de Molina, A. R., & Sereno, M. (2023) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-023-10509-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Keith, R. L. (2012) · Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/pats.201107-038ms · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Treatment Update in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: From Limited to Extensive Disease
Spigel, D. R. (2012) · Current Treatment Options in Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11864-012-0212-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
β-Lapachone, an NQO1 bioactivatable drug, prevents lung tumorigenesis in mice
Chen, Y., Wu, R., Li, X., Cao, M., Yang, M., Fu, B., Xuan, C., Chen, C., Zhou, Y., & Hu, R. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176511 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Seljåsen, R., Kristensen, H. L., Kretzschmar, U., Birlouez‐Aragon, I., Paoletti, F., Lauridsen, C., Wyss, G., Busscher, N., Mengheri, E., Sinesio, F., et al. (2015) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-015-0112-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Told, R., Schmidl, D., Palkovits, S., Boltz, A., Gouya, G., Wolzt, M., Witkowska, K. J., Popa‐Cherecheanu, A., Werkmeister, R. M., Garhöfer, G., et al. (2014) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15581 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kozłowska, L., Gromadzińska, J., & Wąsowicz, W. (2019) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01434 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Brennan, L., Mostaert, A. S., Murphy, C. D., & Owende, P. M. O. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470976692.ch10 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bell-Syer, S. E., Brady, M., Bruce, J., Cullum, N. A., Foxlee, R., Jull, A., Margolis, D. J., McInnes, E., Nelson, A., O’Meara, S., et al. (2009) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-481x.2009.00620_1.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bahrami, H. (2023) · Cancer Screening and Prevention · doi:10.14218/csp.2023.00008s · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Arthur, A. E., Bellile, E. L., Rozek, L. S., Peterson, K. E., Ren, J., Harris, E. J., Mueller, C., Jolly, S., Peterson, L. A., Wolf, G. T., et al. (2015) · Head & Neck · doi:10.1002/hed.24283 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hemilä, H. (2018) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.64.374 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nutrients and Nutraceuticals in Aging
Hodjat, M., Khalid, M., Asghari, M., Atri, S., Rahimifard, M., Nejad, S. M., & Baeeri, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3552-9_5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Prevention of Lung Cancer: Future Perspective with Natural Compounds
Brandes, J. C., Amin, R., Khuri, F. R., & Shin, D. M. (2010) · Tuberculosis & respiratory diseases · doi:10.4046/trd.2010.69.1.1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Nutritional Supplements for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review
Kansagara, D. L., Gleitsmann, K., Gillingham, M. B., Freeman, M., & Quiñones, A. R. (2012) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effect of dispersed form on the bioavailability of β-carotene from daily intake in humans
Kotake‐Nara, E., & Hase, M. (2020) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2020.1803728 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
General supplement use, subsequent use and cancer risk in the UK Women’s Cohort Study
Hutchinson, J., Burley, V. J., Greenwood, D. C., & Cade, J. E. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.85 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ak, G., Metintaş, S., Güneş, H. V., Coşan, D. T., Kurt, H., Yılmaz, Ş., & Metintaş, M. (2025) · Cancer Biomarkers · doi:10.1177/18758592241301690 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Christopher, C. N., Erdman, J. W., Kim, E., Black, M., Rist, P. M., Tobias, D. K., Rautiainen, S., Manson, J. E., & Sesso, H. D. (2026) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2026.156299 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
EFFECT OF SERUM ANTIOXIDANTS (VITAMIN E, C AND A) IN LUNG CANCER PATIENTS
Rahman, M. M., & Islam, S. N. (2014) · International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Association of Serum Beta-Carotene with Metabolic Risk Factors among a Work Cohort in Malaysia
Moy, F. M., Ng, Y. H., & Tan, S. S. (2023) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.69.463 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vitamins and minerals and their role in cancer: a comprehensive review
Garutti, M., de Scordilli, M., Alberti, M., Mazzeo, R., Michelotti, A., Fagioli, S., Conte, A. D., Casirati, A., Caccialanza, R., Bartolini, E., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1686777 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lindshield, B., & Erdman, J. W. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-627-6_15 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hoe, B. C., Priyangaa, A., Nagarajan, J., Ooi, C. W., Ramanan, R. N., & Prasad, K. N. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85052-0.00011-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
McCommon, G. W., Lochner, F. K., & Youn, H. E. (2013) · Journal of Autacoids · doi:10.4172/2161-0479.1000103 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Interlinks Between Vitamin A and Retinopathy
Reddy, R. K., & Comaratta, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815245-4.00024-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Liu, J., Toyokuni, S., & Surh, Y. (2018) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715762.2018.1528501 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Contact-free microparticle characterization via Raman spectroscopy and digital holography
Subedi, N. R., Adhikari, P., Berg, M. J., & Ariunbold, G. O. (2018) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/aada5d · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cho, S. H. (2021) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/03000605211016742 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Véron, L., Chaltiel, D., Raynard, B., Rassy, N., Scotté, F., Charles, C., Pons, M., Jesus, A. D., Guéroult-Accolas, L., Bergougnoux, A., et al. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.018 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Complementary and Alternative Medicines: Clinical Pearls for Commonly Used Dietary Supplements
Zarowitz, B. J. M. (2010) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2010.05.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chemoprevention and Screening for Lung Cancer: Changing Our Focus to Former Smokers
Clamon, G. H. (2014) · Clinical Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2014.09.009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of lung cancer
Thunnissen, E., UNGER, M. W., & Flieder, D. B. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139018760.027 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases
Rai, R. H., Goyal, R. K., Singh, R. B., Handjiev, S., Singh, J., Handjieva‐Darlenska, T., & Smail, M. M. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819815-5.00037-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ultrasensitive and Fast Determination of ß-Carotene in Vegetables Using Stochastic Sensors
Niculae, R. A., Staden, R. S., & van Staden, J. F. (2024) · Analytical Letters · doi:10.1080/00032719.2024.2445266 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nature's nutraceuticals: Harvesting health from fruits and vegetables
Bhagat, N., Sharma, T., Maurya, V., Sharma, A., Seth, R., Kaur, I., Reddy, A. H., & Kumar, R. K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40529-7.00018-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nurses' use of ‘wellness’ supplements during the COVID ‐19 pandemic in the United States
Turner, S. L., Beccia, A. L., Feeny, G., Raffoul, A., Jackson, D., Sarda, V., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Chavarro, J. E., Hart, J. E., & Austin, S. B. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16162 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Weinberger, S. E., Cockrill, B. A., & Mandel, J. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-52371-4.00023-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nutritional supplement for age-related macular degeneration
Ma, D. J., & Yu, H. (2016) · Journal of Korean Medical Association · doi:10.5124/jkma.2016.59.12.955 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Leal, Y. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819828-5.00001-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prevention Trials: Challenges in Design, Analysis, and Interpretation of Prevention Trials
Jiang, S., & Colditz, G. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52636-2_96 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Targeting Cellular Signaling for Cancer Prevention and Therapy by Phytochemicals
Hao, F., Yadav, N., & Chandra, D. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9326-6_11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dugo, L., Neğiş, Y., & Azzi, A. (2011) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0023204 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tanvetyanon, T., & Bepler, G.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanvetyanon, Tawee
- Venue
- Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-06-20
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 150-157
- ISSN
- 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0142
- OpenAlex
- W1998258175
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- beta-carotene, lung cancer, smokers, former smokers, multivitamins, vitamin supplementation, provitamin A
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Smoking, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation, Risk Assessment, beta Carotene, Dietary Supplements
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
