The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Beta‐carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers versus former smokers: A meta‐analysis and evaluation of national brands
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Some studies have suggested that beta-carotene supplementation may increase the risk of lung cancer, particularly among smokers or former smokers. Beta-carotene, a provitamin A, is available in multivitamins. In the current study, the authors investigated the risk of lung cancer associated with beta-carotene in smokers or former smokers and surveyed the beta-carotene content in national brand multivitamins. METHODS: The authors systemically reviewed the published literature using a search of the MEDLINE database and performed a meta-analysis of large randomized trials that reported on the effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of lung cancer among smokers or former smokers. A sample of multivitamins was evaluated for their beta-carotene content and the suggested daily dosage. RESULTS: Four studies contributing 109,394 subjects were available for analysis. The average daily beta-carotene dosage in these trials ranged from 20 to 30 mg daily. Among current smokers, beta-carotene supplementation was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10-1.39). Among former smokers, there was no significant increase noted (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.84-1.45). In a sample of 47 common multivitamins, beta-carotene was present in 70% of the identified formulas. The median dosage of beta-carotene was 0.3 mg (range, 0-17.2 mg) daily. The beta-carotene content was found to be significantly higher among multivitamins sold to improve visual health than among other multivitamins, with a median daily dosage of 3 mg (range, 0-24 mg). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose beta-carotene supplementation appears to increase the risk of lung cancer among current smokers. Although beta-carotene was prevalent in multivitamins, high-dose beta-carotene was observed among multivitamin formulas sold to promote visual health.
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“In certain situations, antioxidant micronutrients may be harmful (eg, β-carotene supplementation increased lung cancer risk in smokers).”
From Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
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Fortmann, S. P., Burda, B. U., Senger, C. A., Lin, J. S., & Whitlock, E. P. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00729 · Cited by 442
Vitamins C and E and beta carotene supplementation and cancer risk: a randomized controlled trial
Lin, J., Cook, N. R., Albert, C., Zaharris, E., Gaziano, J. M., Van Denburgh, M., Buring, J. E., & Manson, J. E. (2009) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djn438 · Cited by 309
Lung cancer in patients who have never smoked — an emerging disease
LoPiccolo, J., Gusev, A., Christiani, D. C., & Janne, P. A. (2024) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00844-0 · Cited by 320
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Problems and Prospects: Public Health Regulation of Dietary Supplements
Binns, C. W., Lee, M. K., & Lee, A. H. (2017) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013638 · Cited by 256
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanvetyanon, T., & Bepler, G.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanvetyanon, Tawee
- Venue
- Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-06-20
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 150-157
- ISSN
- 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0142
- OpenAlex
- W1998258175
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- beta-carotene, lung cancer, smokers, former smokers, multivitamins, vitamin supplementation, provitamin A
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Smoking, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation, Risk Assessment, beta Carotene, Dietary Supplements
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