The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Afferents of the ventral tegmental area in the rat-anatomical substratum for integrative functions
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is critically important to an organism's capacity to detect rewards and novelty and to enlist appropriate behavioral responses. Although there has been substantial progress concerning information processing at the single cell and molecular levels in the VTA, our knowledge of its overall afferent connections is based principally on the benchmark description by Phillipson ([1979] J. Comp. Neurol. 187:117-144). Given that, since then, the sensitivity of tracing methods and knowledge about the organization of brain structures have increased considerably, we undertook to reevaluate the VTA afferents of the rat. The retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold was injected into different parts of the VTA, and labeled neurons were visualized by immunocytochemistry. Retrogradely labeled neurons were not confined to nuclei but rather constituted an elongated formation stretching from the prefrontal cortex rostrally to the medulla oblongata caudally. In the case of descending afferents, this formation was centered on the medial forebrain bundle and the fasciculus retroflexus. The input to the VTA in general was bilateral, with a smaller descending and comparable ascending projection from the contralateral side. Injections of the anterograde tracers Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin or biotinylated dextran amine into selected forebrain structures revealed a surprisingly sparse terminal arborization in the VTA. Furthermore, structures projecting to the VTA innervate other brain areas with similar or greater robustness, which in turn also provide a strong input to the VTA, indicating an anatomical network. Given the importance of the VTA in basic behaviors, this organization might provide a basis for an extraordinary level of afferent integration.
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“GABAergic inputs arrive at the VTA from the substantia nigra pars reticulata, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum/globus pallidus, laterodorsal tegmentum, pedunculopontine nuclei, diagonal band of Broca, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the caudal tip of the VTA, termed the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) (Geisler and Zahm 2005; Jhou et al. 2009; Kaufling et al. 2009).”
From Nicotine Withdrawal (2015) · cites this paper as Geisler and Zahm 2005
In the citing paper
“The lateral hypothalamic area belongs to the phylogenically old brain structure referred to as “isodendritic core” (or “reticular formation”), as do the ventral pallidum and VTA (Leontovich and Zhukova, 1963; Ramon-Moliner and Nauta, 1966; Geisler and Zahm, 2005).”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as Geisler and Zahm, 2005
Citations
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“Furthermore, the VTA consists of -aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and dopaminergic projection neurons (Swanson, 1982), some of which contain the peptidergic cotransmitters neurotensin and cholecystokinin (Seroogy et al., 1988).”
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Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding, aversive, and alerting
Bromberg-Martin, E. S., Matsumoto, M., & Hikosaka, O. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.022 · Cited by 2,396
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Whole-Brain Mapping of Direct Inputs to Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
Watabe‐Uchida, M., Zhu, L., Ogawa, S. K., Vamanrao, A., & Uchida, N. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.017 · Cited by 1,277
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Grace, A. A., Floresco, S. B., Goto, Y., & Lodge, D. J. (2007) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.03.003 · Cited by 1,034
Cortico-Basal Ganglia Reward Network: Microcircuitry
Sesack, S. R., & Grace, A. A. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.93 · Cited by 985
Metadata
- Authors
- Geisler, S., & Zahm, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Saint Louis University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zahm, Daniel S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 490
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 270-294
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W1983272530
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA15207, R01DA015207)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS23805, R01NS023805)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- ventral tegmental area, afferent projections, retrograde tracing, Fluoro-Gold, anterograde tracing, medial forebrain bundle, fasciculus retroflexus, prefrontal cortex, medulla oblongata, terminal arborization, reward processing, novelty detection, rats
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Biotin, Brain Mapping, Dextrans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Neurons, Phytohemagglutinins, Stilbamidines, Prosencephalon, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Ventral Tegmental Area, Rats
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