Cited by 985Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Cortico-Basal Ganglia Reward Network: Microcircuitry

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Sesack, Susan R, Grace, Anthony A·2010·Neuropsychopharmacology

Abstract

Many of the brain's reward systems converge on the nucleus accumbens, a region richly innervated by excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory afferents representing the circuitry necessary for selecting adaptive motivated behaviors. The ventral subiculum of the hippocampus provides contextual and spatial information, the basolateral amygdala conveys affective influence, and the prefrontal cortex provides an integrative impact on goal-directed behavior. The balance of these afferents is under the modulatory influence of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. This midbrain region receives its own complex mix of excitatory and inhibitory inputs, some of which have only recently been identified. Such afferent regulation positions the dopamine system to bias goal-directed behavior based on internal drives and environmental contingencies. Conditions that result in reward promote phasic dopamine release, which serves to maintain ongoing behavior by selectively potentiating ventral subicular drive to the accumbens. Behaviors that fail to produce an expected reward decrease dopamine transmission, which favors prefrontal cortical-driven switching to new behavioral strategies. As such, the limbic reward system is designed to optimize action plans for maximizing reward outcomes. This system can be commandeered by drugs of abuse or psychiatric disorders, resulting in inappropriate behaviors that sustain failed reward strategies. A fuller appreciation of the circuitry interconnecting the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area should serve to advance discovery of new treatment options for these conditions.

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Crossref · 10.1038/npp.2009.93

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  • Multiple cortical and amygdala inputs converge onto the same NAc neurons.

    “Multiple cortical (Finch, 1996; Sesack and Grace, 2010) and amygdala (McGinty and Grace, 2009) inputs converge onto the same NAc neurons.”
  • Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus decode stimulus and environmental features to guide adaptive reward responses, while lateral hypothalamus-lateral habenula circuits encode negative valence; both are integrated in nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area to regulate dopamine.

    “A grossly oversimplified overview of these circuits is that the prefrontal cortices and hippocampus are devoted to detecting and decoding specific features of stimuli and the environment, including the social environment, to guide decision-making and ensure adaptive, flexible, and predictive responses to rewarding stimuli, whereas the lateral hypothalamus-lateral habenula circuits predominantly En”
  • The ventral striatum is the central hub within the reward functional network.

    “Although several brain structures contribute to the reward circuitry, the central hub within this functional network is the ventral striatum (VS) [10].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Lewis DA Sesack SR Bloom FE Björklund A Hökfelt T Dopamine systems in the primate brain Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, The Primate Nervous System, Part I 1997 261 373 Elsevier Amsterdam
  2. Mugnaini E Oertel WH Björklund A Hökfelt T An atlas of the distribution of GABAergic neurons and terminals in the rat CNS as revealed by GAD immunocytochemistry Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Vol 4: GABA and Neuropeptides in the CNS, Part I 1985 436 608 Elsevier BV Amsterdam
  3. Smith Y Charara A Parent A Synaptic innervation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons by glutamate-enriched terminals in the squirrel monkey J Comp Neurol 1996 364 231 253 8788247
  4. Zahm DS Williams E Wohltmann C Ventral striatopallidothalamic projection: IV. Relative involvements of neurochemically distinct subterritories in the ventral pallidum and adjacent parts of the rostroventral forebrain J Comp Neurol 1996 364 340 362 8788254

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Authors
Sesack, S. R., & Grace, A. A.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
  • Sesack, Susan R
  • Grace, Anthony A
Venue
Neuropsychopharmacology
Published
2009-08-12
Volume
35
Issue
1
Pages
27-47
ISSN
  • 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-634X
OpenAlex
W1971690948
Cited by
985
References
359
Citations by year
2026: 33 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 76
FWCI
4.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R37MH057440)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA015408)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
reward systems, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, dopamine, ventral subiculum, basolateral amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, microcircuitry, goal-directed behavior, phasic dopamine release, drug addiction, mental illness, afferent input
MeSH terms
Animals, Basal Ganglia, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Nucleus Accumbens, Reward, Ventral Tegmental Area

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