Development and distribution of neuronal cilia in mouse neocortex
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Neuronal primary cilia are not generally recognized, but they are considered to extend from most, if not all, neurons in the neocortex. However, when and how cilia develop in neurons are not known. This study used immunohistochemistry for adenylyl cyclase III (ACIII), a marker of primary cilia, and electron microscopic analysis to describe the development and maturation of cilia in mouse neocortical neurons. Our results indicate that ciliogenesis is initiated in late fetal stages after neuroblast migration, when the mother centriole docks with the plasma membrane, becomes a basal body, and grows a cilia bud that we call a procilium. This procilium consists of a membranous protrusion extending from the basal body but lacking axonemal structure and remains undifferentiated until development of the axoneme and cilia elongation starts at about postnatal day 4. Neuronal cilia elongation and final cilia length depend on layer position, and the process extends for a long time, lasting 8–12 weeks. We show that, in addition to pyramidal neurons, inhibitory interneurons also grow cilia of comparable length, suggesting that cilia are indeed present in all neocortical neuron subtypes. Furthermore, the study of mice with defective ciliogenesis suggested that failed elongation of cilia is not essential for proper neuronal migration and laminar organization or establishment of neuronal polarity. Thus, the function of this organelle in neocortical neurons remains elusive. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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In the neocortex of CD1 strain mice, the length of AC3-labeled primary cilia varies by cortical layer and reaches its full extent after 3 months, with no significant gender differences observed.
“In the neocortex of CD1 strain mice, the length of AC3-labeled primary cilia varies by cortical layer and reaches its full extent after 3 months, with no significant gender differences observed (Arellano et al., 2012).”
From Primary cilia in the mature brain: emerging roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis (2025) · cites this paper as Arellano et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Arellano, J. I., Guadiana, S. M., Breunig, J. J., Rakic, P., & Sarkisian, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Arellano, Jon I.
- Sarkisian, Matthew R.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-01-06
- Volume
- 520
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 848-873
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- PMC
- PMC3325766
- OpenAlex
- W2085664280
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA02399, R01DA023999, R37DA023999)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS014841, NS038296-09, R01NS038296)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Keywords
- ciliogenesis, neocortex, basal bodies, cilia length, pyramidal neurons, inhibitory interneurons, neuronal migration, laminar organization, neuronal polarity, mouse development
- MeSH terms
- Actins, Adenylyl Cyclases, Animals, Antibodies, Antigens, Axons, Chickens, Cilia, DNA-Binding Proteins, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Microscopy, Electron, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Nuclear Proteins, Parvalbumins, Pregnancy, Blotting, Western, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Cell Polarity, Electroporation, Neocortex, Embryonic Development, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice, Calbindins, S100 Calcium Binding Protein G, Calbindin 2
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