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The connections of the amygdala and of the anterior temporal cortex in the human brain.

Klingler, J., Gloor, P.·1960·Journal of Comparative Neurology

DOI 10.1002/cne.901150305

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BackgroundResultInfluential
Connectivity-Based Parcellation of the Human Temporal Pole Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Fan, L., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Han, W., Yu, C., & Jiang, T. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht196 · Cited by 144
“Moreover, in humans, the amygdalo-temporal fasciculus originating at the rostrolateral surface of AMG and deep in UF was observed to specifically connect to the TP (Klingler and Gloor 1960).”
Background
A Comparison of Hippocampal Pathology in Man and Other Animals
Weiskrantz, L. (1978) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470720394.ch15 · Cited by 141
The paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach to the entire length of the mediobasal temporal region: an anatomical and clinical study
Türe, U., Harput, M. V., Kaya, A. H., Baimeedi, P., Fırat, Z., Türe, H. S., & Bingöl, C. A. (2012) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2011.12.jns11791 · Cited by 139
The size and fiber composition of the anterior commissure with respect to gender and schizophrenia
Highley, J. R., Esiri, M. M., McDonald, B., Roberts, H. C., Walker, M. A., & Crow, T. J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00323-0 · Cited by 139
Spread of seizure discharges in epilepsy: Anatomical and electrophysiological considerations
Brazier, M. A. B. (1972) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(72)90022-2 · Cited by 139
EVOKED RESPONSES RECORDED FROM THE DEPTHS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
Brazier, M. A. B. (1964) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb26741.x · Cited by 138
New Insights Into the Anatomic Dissection of the Temporal Stem With Special Emphasis on the Inferior Fronto-occipital Fasciculus
Martino, J., Vergani, F., Robles, S. G., & Duffau, H. (2010) · Operative Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000348564.28415.fa · Cited by 130
Diencephalic amnesia: a reorientation towards tracts?
Markowitsch, H. J. (1988) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(88)90012-4 · Cited by 128
The human basal forebrain. Part II
Heimer, L., de Olmos, J. S., Alheid, G. F., Pearson, J., Sakamoto, N., Shinoda, K., Marksteiner, J., & Switzer, R. C. (1999) · Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/s0924-8196(99)80024-4 · Cited by 125
Topographic mapping of the spectral components of the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP)
Ferri, R., Bruni, O., Miano, S., & Terzano, M. G. (2004) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2004.06.010 · Cited by 125
“The superior longitudinal (arcuate) fasciculus is the largest of the fiber bundles [29,30] that, together with the uncinate and fronto-occipital fasciculi, constitute the longitudinal association fiber system that connects each frontal lobe with its respective hemisphere [31,32].”
Background
Volumetric associations between uncinate fasciculus, amygdala, and trait anxiety
Baur, V., Hänggi, J., & Jäncke, L. (2012) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-13-4 · Cited by 121
“It is a “limbic” tract [27,28] and, in fact, has been described in post-mortem and non-human primate studies to innervate the amygdala [5-7].”
Background
Fronto–Temporal Disconnectivity in Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Nakamura, M., McCarley, R. W., Kubicki, M. R., Dickey, C. C., Niznikiewicz, M. A., Voglmaier, M. M., Seidman, L. J., Maier, S. E., Westin, C., Kikinis, R., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.016 · Cited by 118
“…the exception of one study showing a lack of normal right left asymmetry in the anterior cingulate gyrus of female SPD subjects (Takahashi et al 2002), compatible with findings in schizophrenia (Goldstein et al 1999), frontal lobe abnormalities have not been reported in SPD (Buchsbaum et al 2002).”
BackgroundResult
The human amygdaloid complex: A cytologic and histochemical atlas using Nissl, myelin, acetylcholinesterase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase staining
Sims, K. S., & Williams, R. S. (1990) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90440-f · Cited by 118
The effect of amygdaloid lesions on flight and defense behavior in cats
Ursin, H. (1965) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(65)90023-3 · Cited by 118
Post mortem mapping of connectional anatomy for the validation of diffusion MRI
Yendiki, A., Aggarwal, M., Axer, M., Howard, A. F. D., van Walsum, A. V. C., & Haber, S. N. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119146 · Cited by 116
The Cortico-Limbo-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits: An Update to the Original Papez Circuit of the Human Limbic System
Kamali, A., Milosavljevic, S., Gandhi, A., Lano, K. R., Shobeiri, P., Sherbaf, F. G., Sair, H. I., Riascos, R., & Hasan, K. M. (2023) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-023-00955-y · Cited by 118
“Additional small projections are also described between the anterior temporal pole and basomedial and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala through a small white matter tract called the “amygdalo-temporal fascicle” (Klingler and Gloor 1960; Ghashghaei and Barbas 2002).”
Background
Projections from the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, presubiculum, and parasubiculum to the medial thalamus in macaque monkeys: identifying different pathways using disconnection techniques
Saunders, R. C., Mishkin, M., & Aggleton, J. P. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2361-3 · Cited by 116
“4) in which labeled fibres could be traced both in the fornix and in the temporopulvinar bundle of Arnold (Whitlock and Nauta 1956; Klingler and Gloor 1960).”
Background
The neuronal organization of the supracapsular part of the stria terminalis in the rat: The dorsal component of the extended amygdala
Alheid, G. F., Beltramino, C. A., de Olmos, J. S., Forbes, M. S., Swanson, D. J., & Heimer, L. (1998) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00560-5 · Cited by 113
Josef Klingler's Models of White Matter Tracts: Influences on Neuroanatomy, Neurosurgery, and Neuroimaging
Agrawal, A., Kapfhammer, J. P., Kress, A., Wichers, H., Deep, A., Feindel, W., Sonntag, V. K. H., Spetzler, R. F., & Preul, M. C. (2011) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0b013e318214ab79 · Cited by 113
“temporal lobe structures and insula, the relationships between the amygdala and the anterior temporal lobe structures, thalamic pathways, pontine fiber tracts, stria terminalis, lamina terminalis, and other long and association tracts of the brain.(50,56,71)Courtesy of Springer.”
BackgroundInfluential
Impact of temporal lobe surgery
Yasargil, M. G., Türe, U., & Yaşargil, D. C. H. (2004) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2004.101.5.0725 · Cited by 113
The anterior commissure in man: Functional variation in a multisensory system
Risse, G. L., LeDoux, J. E., Springer, S. P., Wilson, D. H., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (1978) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(78)90039-8 · Cited by 110
Cortical field of origin of the anterior commissure of the rhesus monkey
Jouandet, M. L., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (1979) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(79)90088-8 · Cited by 105
“Through their investigation of the subcortical course of the human AC, Klinger and Gloor (14) largely verified the findings of Fox et al.”
MethodResultInfluential
Fiber anatomy of dorsal and ventral language streams
Axer, H., Klingner, C. M., & Prescher, A. (2012) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.04.015 · Cited by 100
Dichotomous organization of amygdala/temporal-prefrontal bundles in both humans and monkeys
Folloni, D., Sallet, J., Khrapitchev, A. A., Sibson, N. R., Verhagen, L., & Mars, R. B. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.47175 · Cited by 99
“…including the amygdala and the frontal lobe: a major association fiber pathway, the uncinate fascicle (UF) (Amaral and Price, 1984; Déjerine, 1895; Klingler and Gloor, 1960; Kuypers et al., 1965; Nauta, 1961; Thiebaut de Schot- ten et al., 2012; Yeterian et al., 2012), and a limbic-cortical…”
Background
The Application of DTI to Investigate White Matter Abnormalities in Schizophrenia
Kubicki, M. R., Westin, C., McCarley, R. W., & Shenton, M. E. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1340.024 · Cited by 99
New insights into cortico-basal-cerebellar connectome: clinical and physiological considerations
Quartarone, A., Cacciola, A., Milardi, D., Ghilardi, M. F., Calamuneri, A., Chillemi, G., Anastasi, G., & Rothwell, J. C. (2019) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awz310 · Cited by 99
Cerebral White Matter — Historical Evolution of Facts and Notions Concerning the Organization of the Fiber Pathways of the Brain
Schmahmann, J. D., & Pandya, D. Ν. (2007) · Journal of the History of the Neurosciences · doi:10.1080/09647040500495896 · Cited by 98
“Thus Trolard dissected the fiber systems around the claustrum (1905) and the inferior longitudinal and arcuate fasciculi (1906); Curran (1909) believed he had identified an inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus as well as the uncinate, arcuate, and transverse occipital fasciculi; Davis (1921) dissected the inferior lon…”
Background
Optic radiations: a microsurgical anatomical study
Peltier, J., Travers, N., Destrieux, C., & Velut, S. (2006) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2006.105.2.294 · Cited by 96
Fiber Dissection and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography Study of the Temporoparietal Fiber Intersection Area
Martino, J., da Silva-Freitas, R., Caballero, H., de Lucas, E. M., García‐Porrero, J. A., & Vázquez-Barquero, A. (2012) · Operative Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0b013e318274294b · Cited by 93
“With classic fiber dissection, the demonstration of 1 fiber system results in the destruction of other fiber systems.(20-22) The removal of overlying brain structures also prohibits correlation of white matter tracts with the cortex.”
Background
Amygdala
de Olmos, J. S. (1990) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-547625-6.50025-8 · Cited by 96
Regional differences in the hippocampus of the cat
Elul, R. (1964) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(64)90089-6 · Cited by 93
Studying Network Mechanisms Using Intracranial Stimulation in Epileptic Patients
Olivier David, A., Bastin, J., Chabardès, S., Minotti, L., & Kahane, P. (2010) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2010.00148 · Cited by 102
Amygdalar interhemispheric functional connectivity differs between the non-depressed and depressed human brain
Irwin, W., Anderle, M. J., Abercrombie, H. C., Schaefer, S. M., Kalin, N. H., & Davidson, R. J. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.057 · Cited by 87
“…with those findings, the only investigations of amygdalar interhemispheric connectivity in the human brain identified a few fibers possibly connecting the dorsolateral aspects of the amygdalar nuclei using both dissection (Klinger and Gloor, 1960) and staining (Virgilio et al., 1999) techniques.”
Method
Three distinct fiber pathways of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the amygdala and prefrontal cortex
Krüger, O., Shiozawa, T., Kreifelts, B., Scheffler, K., & Ethofer, T. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.02.007 · Cited by 81
“…in the stria terminalis, a discrete fiber bundle connecting the amygdala and hypothalamus, including collaterals to the hippocampus, preoptic area, nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and other parts of the basal forebrain (e.g., Klingler & Gloor, 1960; de Olmos & Ingram, 1972; Weller & Smith, 1982).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
The Human Periallocortex: Layer Pattern in Presubiculum, Parasubiculum and Entorhinal Cortex. A Review
Insausti, R., Muñoz, M., Serrano, A. M. I., & Artacho‐Pérula, E. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00084 · Cited by 85
“Some little prominences called verrucae hippocampi or warts, make the surface uneven (Klingler and Gloor, 1960; Simic et al., 2005).”
Background
A prospective study of the effects of anterior temporal lobectomy on emotion recognition and theory of mind
Shaw, P., Lawrence, E., Bramham, J., Brierley, B., Radbourne, C., & David, A. S. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.04.020 · Cited by 90
Neurological Substrates of Aggressive Behavior
Clemente, C., & Chase, M. H. (1973) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.35.030173.001553 · Cited by 81
Limbic and paralimbic structures driving ictal central apnea
Lacuey, N., Hampson, J. P., Harper, R. M., Miller, J. P., & Lhatoo, S. D. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006920 · Cited by 80
“The amygdala also has rich internodal connectivity with the temporo-polar cortex through the fasciculus amygdalo-temporalis, which connects the lateral amygdala to mesial temporo-polar cortex.(13) The temporo-polar cortex has heavy projection to the hippocampus; its afferents synapse with entorhinal cortex to project…”
BackgroundInfluential
How Klingler’s dissection permits exploration of brain structural connectivity? An electron microscopy study of human white matter
Zemmoura, I., Blanchard, E., Raynal, P. I., Rousselot‐Denis, C., Destrieux, C., & Velut, S. (2015) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-015-1050-7 · Cited by 81
Connectivity between the central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the non-human primate: neuronal tract tracing and developmental neuroimaging studies
Oler, J. A., Tromp, D., Fox, A. S., Kovner, R., Davidson, R. J., Alexander, A. L., McFarlin, D. R., Birn, R. M., Berg, B. E., deCampo, D. M., et al. (2016) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-016-1198-9 · Cited by 82
“…over the thalamus carrying with it efferent fibers from Ce and other amygdalar nuclei, which terminate in the BSTL and also pass through it en route to deeper brain structures that mediate the neuroendocrine and somatomotor responses to stress (Amaral et al. 1992; Klingler and Gloor 1960).”
Microsurgical anatomy of the temporal stem: clinical relevance and correlations with diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking
Peltier, J., Verclytte, S., Delmaire, C., Pruvo, J., Godefroy, O., & Gars, D. L. (2009) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2009.6.jns08132 · Cited by 78
Changes in phrenic activity and heart rate elicited by localized stimulation of amygdala and adjacent structures
Bonvallet, M., & Gary-Bobo, E. (1972) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(72)90223-4 · Cited by 77
Microsurgical Anatomy of the Optic Radiation and Related Fibers in 3-Dimensional Images
Párraga, R. G., Ribas, G. C., Welling, L. C., Alves, R. V., & de OLIVEIRA, E. (2012) · Operative Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0b013e3182556fde · Cited by 76
“It mostly connects the anterior and medial aspects of the temporal lobe with the orbital portion of the frontal lobe.(17,24,31-33) The uncinate fasciculus was found to be anterior to the optic radiation anterior bundle (the Meyer loop) in all specimens.”
Background
Neuroanatomical correlates of apathy in late-life depression and antidepressant treatment response
Yuen, G. S., Gunning, F. M., Woods, E. C., Klimstra, S., Hoptman, M. J., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.008 · Cited by 77
“The uncinate fasciculus is a bidirectional ventral limbic pathway that links the subgenual cingulate with the amygdala (Ebeling and von Cramon, 1992; Klingler and Gloor, 1960; Petrides and Pandya, 2007; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2012) and may play a role in processing information about the…”
Regional differences in the hippocampus of the cat
Elul, R. (1964) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(64)90090-2 · Cited by 72
Early deprivation, atypical brain development, and internalizing symptoms in late childhood
Bick, J. R., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.026 · Cited by 76
“…the uncinate fasciculus (which contains white matter fibers that connect limbic and paralimbic regions to the orbitofrontal cortex), and the fornix (which connects the hippocampus to the mammillary body, Dejerine, 1895; Klingler and Gloor, 1960; Crosby et al., 1962; Nieuwenhuys et al., 2008).”
Background

Authors: Klingler, J., & Gloor, P.
Affiliations: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
Venue: Journal of Comparative Neurology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1960-12
Volume: 115
Issue: 3
Pages: 333-369
ISSN: 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
1096-9861
DOI: 10.1002/cne.901150305
OpenAlex: W2117029315
Cited by: 404
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 3.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 16017 d)
Locations: The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Keywords: amygdala, anterior temporal cortex, human brain, neural connections, white matter tracts, limbic system
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Basal Ganglia, Cerebral Cortex, Ganglia, Humans, Temporal Lobe

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The connections of the amygdala and of the anterior temporal cortex in the human brain.

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