The DOI matches its Crossref record; 108 of the 108 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pathways for motion analysis: Cortical connections of the medial superior temporal and fundus of the superior temporal visual areas in the macaque
Abstract
To identify the cortical connections of the medial superior temporal (MST) and fundus of the superior temporal (FST) visual areas in the extrastriate cortex of the macaque, we injected multiple tracers, both anterograde and retrograde, in each of seven macaques under physiological control. We found that, in addition to connections with each other, both MST and FST have widespread connections with visual and polysensory areas in posterior prestriate, parietal, temporal, and frontal cortex. In prestriate cortex, both areas have connections with area V3A. MST alone has connections with the far peripheral field representations of V1 and V2, the parieto-occipital (PO) visual area, and the dorsal prelunate area (DP), whereas FST alone has connections with area V4 and the dorsal portion of area V3. Within the caudal superior temporal sulcus, both areas have extensive connections with the middle temporal area (MT), MST alone has connections with area PP, and FST alone has connections with area V4t. In the rostral superior temporal sulcus, both areas have extensive connections with the superior temporal polysensory area (STP) in the upper bank of the sulcus and with area IPa in the sulcal floor. FST also has connections with the cortex in the lower bank of the sulcus, involving area TEa. In the parietal cortex, both the central field representation of MST and FST have connections with the ventral intraparietal (VIP) and lateral intraparietal (LIP) areas, whereas MST alone has connections with the inferior parietal gyrus. In the temporal cortex, the central field representation of MST as well as FST has connections with visual area TEO and cytoarchitectonic area TF. In the frontal cortex, both MST and FST have connections with the frontal eye field. On the basis of the laminar pattern of anterograde and retrograde label, it was possible to classify connections as forward, backward, or intermediate and thereby place visual areas into a cortical hierarchy. In general, MST and FST receive forward inputs from prestriate visual areas, have intermediate connections with parietal areas, and project forward to the frontal eye field and areas in the rostral superior temporal sulcus. Because of the strong inputs to MST and FST from area MT, an area known to play a role in the analysis of visual motion, and because MST and FST themselves have high proportions of directionally selective cells, they appear to be important stations in a cortical motion processing system.
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“Special emphasis will be given to the contribution of posterior parietal cortex within the distributed neural network involved in visuomanual coordination.”
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BackgroundFunctional impact of cerebral connections
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“There is also evidence that in monkeys FST and MST project to posterior PPC (Boussaoud et al., 1990; Kaas and Morel, 1993).”
BackgroundSaito, D. N., Yoshimura, K., Kochiyama, T., Okada, T., Honda, M., & Sadato, N. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi052 · Cited by 82
“These include lamina 4B in V1, the thick cytochrome oxidase stripes in V2, areas V3, MT (middle temporal visual area), MST (middle superior temporal visual area) and possibly the lateral and ventral intraparietal areas, LIP and VIP (Desimone and Ungerleider, 1986; Orban et al., 1986; DeYoe and Van Essen, 1988; Boussao…”
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“It has also been suggested that, in humans, the inferior parietal lobule is involved in the “binding” of information from the two visual systems (Watson et al., 1994; see Boussaoud et al., 1990, and Morel & Bullier, 1990 for similar suggestions about macaque visual cortex).”
BackgroundVisual Motion Responses in the Posterior Cingulate Sulcus: A Comparison to V5/MT and MST
Fischer, E., Bülthoff, H., Logothetis, N. K., & Bartels, A. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr154 · Cited by 84
“Both regions receive input from FEFs as well as efferent copies of eye movements (Desimone and Ungerleider 1986; Boussaoud et al. 1990), and MST additionally receives vestibular input critical for self-motion processing (Gu et al. 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe pre/parasubiculum: a hippocampal hub for scene-based cognition?
Dalton, M. A., & Maguire, E. A. (2017) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.06.001 · Cited by 81
Ketamine Effects on Eye Movements
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“Neurophysiological studies in monkey suggest that neurons in the medial superior temporal (MST) region continue to keep the motion information online after target extinction (Newsome et al. 1988; Boussaoud et al. 1990).”
BackgroundAnterior Intraparietal Area: A Hub in the Observed Manipulative Action Network
Lanzilotto, M., Ferroni, C. G., Livi, A., Gerbella, M., Maranesi, M., Borra, E., Passarelli, L., Gamberini, M., Fogassi, L., Bonini, L., et al. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz011 · Cited by 76
Pattern Motion Selectivity of Spiking Outputs and Local Field Potentials in Macaque Visual Cortex
Khawaja, F. A., Tsui, J. M. G., & Pack, C. C. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2844-09.2009 · Cited by 75
“Areas MT and MST are specialized for the processing of visual motion (Maunsell and Newsome, 1987), and both receive direct and indirect input from area V1 (also known as the primary visual cortex) (Maunsell and van Essen, 1983; Boussaoud et al., 1990).”
BackgroundRegional cerebral correlates of global motion perception
Vaina, L. M., Cowey, A., Eskew, R. T., LeMay, M. J., & Kemper, T. L. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.2.310 · Cited by 78
“…in visual areas of the posterior visible in CAT or MR scans, on to the standard outline shownparietal lobe and the anterior portions of the temporal lobe, here and as described by Vaina et al. (Vaina et al., 1990). which are also involved in aspects of motion perception (Boussaoud et al., 1990).”
The role of temporal cortex in the control of attention
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“Cortex around the mid-STS has been shown to connect visual areas such as V2, V3, MT, and MST, to more anterior parts of the STS (Boussaoud et al., 1990).”
BackgroundNinomiya, T., Sawamura, H., Inoue, K., & Takada, M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6295-11.2012 · Cited by 78
“(MST), the fundus of the superior temporal sulcus area (FST), ventral intraparietal area (VIP), and anterior intraparietal area (AIP), do not seem to participate in the frontal inputs to MT and V4, because MST, FST, and VIP do not receive input from the frontal cortex except for FEF (Boussaoud et al., 1990; Lewis and…”
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The Role of Area 17 in the Transfer of Information to Extrastriate Visual Cortex
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“Neurons in the MST respond predominantly to visual stimuli, and in particular to visual motion stimuli.”
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Jellema, T. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh038 · Cited by 75
“The motion of the object is most likely coded in the prestriate areas (V5)MT/MST, and fed into STSa (Boussaoud et al., 1990; Oram and Perrett, 1996).”
MethodAn in vitro method to manipulate the direction and functional strength between neural populations
Pan, L., Alagapan, S., Franca, E., Leondopulos, S. S., DeMarse, T. B., Brewer, G. J., & Wheeler, B. C. (2015) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2015.00032 · Cited by 70
“communication between brain areas (Boussaoud et al., 1990; Felleman and Van Essen, 1991; Kaas and Collins, 2001; Markov et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSpatiotemporal Tuning of Rapid Interactions between Visual-Motion Analysis and Reaching Movement
Gomi, H., Abekawa, N., & Nishida, S. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0340-06.2006 · Cited by 73
The Superior Temporal Sulcus Is Causally Connected to the Amygdala: A Combined TBS-fMRI Study
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“A third pathway, beginning in the motion-selective region MT and projecting down the STS, devoted to motion processing was proposed in a prior macaque neuroanatomical study (Boussaoud et al., 1990).”
MethodBiological motion drives perception and action
de Xivry, J. O. (2010) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/10.2.6 · Cited by 72
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Deficits of smooth‐pursuit eye movement after unilateral frontal lobe lesions
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Functional Brain Imaging in Apraxia
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Stepniewska, I., Collins, C. E., & Kaas, J. H. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh182 · Cited by 67
“…a V4 that extends much further ventrally than in early depictions and has a larger representation of the upper visual quadrant than the lower visual quadrant (e.g. Desimone and Ungerleider, 1989; Boussaoud et al., 1990, 1991; Felleman and Van Essen, 1991; Fize et al., 2003; see Discussion).”
Visuotopic Organization of Primate Extrastriate Cortex
Rosa, M. G. P. (1997) · Cerebral cortex · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9625-4_4 · Cited by 67
Architectonic subdivisions of neocortex in the galago (Otolemur garnetti)
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“FST in monkeys has strong connections with both MT (Boussaoud et al., 1990; Krubitzer and Kaas, 1990a; Kaas and Morel, 1993; Palmer and Rosa, 2006) and MTc (Kaas and Morel, 1993).”
BackgroundArchitecture, Connectivity, and Transmitter Receptors of Human Extrastriate Visual Cortex
Zilles, K., & Clarke, S. (1997) · Cerebral cortex · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9625-4_15 · Cited by 66
Elements of Cortical Architecture
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Morphology of individual axons projecting from area V2 to MT in the macaque
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Modulation of responses to optic flow in area 7a by retinotopic and oculomotor cues in monkey
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“Optic flow information could be passed to area 7a via a projection from MST or LIP (Andersen et al., 1990; Boussaoud et al., 1990; Schaafsma et al., 1995).”
Neural correlates of learning and working memory in the primate posterior parietal cortex
Rawley, J. B., & Constantinidis, C. (2009) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.12.006 · Cited by 64
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Connection from cortical area V2 to V3A in macaque monkey
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Meta-analytic evidence for a novel hierarchical model of conceptual processing
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Human Areas V3A and V6 Compensate for Self-Induced Planar Visual Motion
Fischer, E., Bülthoff, H., Logothetis, N. K., & Bartels, A. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.01.022 · Cited by 63
“V3A (in contrast to V3) has strong feedback connections from motion-processing region MST (Boussaoud et al., 1990) that contains a large proportion of gaze-dependent and ‘‘real motion’’ cells (Chukoskie and Movshon, 2009; Ilg et al.”
Neural substrates of reliability-weighted visual-tactile multisensory integration
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“…7m and area STP of the parietal and temporal lobes, respectively, are involved in these different functional modalities and are involved in the integration of diverse polysensory inputs (Boussaoud et al. 1990; Cavada et al. 1997; Cusick et al. 1995; Jones and Powell 1970; Seltzer and Pandya 1978).”
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“Anatomical studies have revealed that FEFsem receives direct inputs from several cortical areas involved in visual-motion processing, including areas MST, FST, MT, and VIP (Boussaoud et al. 1990; Maioli et al. 1998; Stanton et al. 2005; for review, see Lynch and Tian 2006).”
BackgroundProperties of curvilinear vection
Sauvan, X. M., & Bonnet, C. (1993) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03206786 · Cited by 61
Cortical connections of the caudal subdivision of the dorsolateral area (V4) in monkeys
Steele, G. E., Weller, R. E., & Cusick, C. G. (1991) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903060312 · Cited by 62
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Optic-flow selective cortical sensory regions associated with self-reported states of vection
Uesaki, M., & Ashida, H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00775 · Cited by 61
“…there are findings in the monkey brain that indicate that MT+ is anatomically and functionally connected to the multisensory areas VIP (Maunsell and van Essen, 1983; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990; Baizer et al., 1991) and the precuneus (Blum et al., 1950; Leichnetz, 2001).”
BackgroundAction perception and motor imagery: Mental practice of action
Savaki, H. E., & Raos, V. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.007 · Cited by 67
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Visual short-term memory of stimulus velocity in patients with unilateral posterior brain damage
Greenlee, M. W., Lang, H., Mergner, T., & Seeger, W. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-03-02287.1995 · Cited by 60
“This evidence comes from anatomical (Spatz and Tigges, 1972; Spatz, 1977; Seltzer and Pandya, 1978; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990), neurophysiological (Maunsell and van Essen, 1983; Albright, 1984; Mikami et al.”
BackgroundEffects of inferotemporal cortex lesions on form-from-motion discrimination in monkeys
Britten, K. H., Newsome, W. T., & Saunders, R. C. (1992) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf02259104 · Cited by 60
“FST and STP in the superior temporal sulcus (Boussaoud et al. 1990).”
BackgroundSakata, H., Shibutani, H., Ito, Y., Tsurugai, K., Mine, S., & Makoto Kusunoki, A. (1994) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00228740 · Cited by 60
Hackett, T. A., de la Mothe, L. A., Camalier, C. R., Falchier, A., Lakatos, P., Kajikawa, Y., & Schroeder, C. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00072 · Cited by 64
“…and higher order areas of prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex (Seltzer and Pandya, 1978, 1989a,b; Pandya and Seltzer, 1982; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990; Cusick et al., 1995; Lewis and Van Essen, 2000; Saleem et al., 2000; Padberg et al., 2003; Markov et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque monkey’s frontal eye field
Stanton, G. B., Friedman, H. R., Dias, E. C., & Bruce, C. J. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2292-z · Cited by 59
“1991) Æ FST: Fundus of the superior temporal sulcus area (Boussaoud et al. 1990) Æ LIP: Lateral intraparietal area (Blatt et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPadberg, J., Seltzer, B., & Cusick, C. G. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10932 · Cited by 59
“Modules in area MT, which provides an indirect input to TPO cortex (Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990), contain neurons that are selective for the same direction of visual motion, as well as for more complex motion (Albright et al., 1984; Geeseman et al., 1997; Born, 2000;…”
BackgroundDecentralized Multisensory Information Integration in Neural Systems
Zhang, W., Chen, A., Rasch, M. J., & Wu, S. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0578-15.2016 · Cited by 58
“This approach is similar to experimental studies in which the estimations of MSTd (VIP) neurons in the combined cue condition are predicted by using the responses of MSTd (VIP) neurons under single-cue conditions (Gu et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialFunctional anatomy of the macaque temporo-parieto-frontal connectivity.
Borra, E., & Luppino, G. (2017) · Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.12.007 · Cited by 53
Encoding of Smooth Pursuit Direction and Eye Position by Neurons of Area MSTd of Macaque Monkey
Squatrito, S., & Maioli, M. G. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-10-03847.1997 · Cited by 58
“This interpretation of the role of MST as visuomotor interface is confirmed by its anatomical connections, because MST receives its main input via sensory areas such as MT (Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986), and efferent fibers of this region reach a number of oculo- and body movement-relat…”
BackgroundHeuninckx, S., Wenderoth, N., & Swinnen, S. P. (2008) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.03.021 · Cited by 55
Visual cortical areas of the mouse: comparison of parcellation and network structure with primates
Laramée, M., & Boire, D. (2015) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2014.00149 · Cited by 61
“The cortical areas of the STS receive visual projections from parietal (Seltzer and Pandya, 1978, 1994) and temporal cortices (Boussaoud et al., 1990; Kaas and Morel, 1993; Saleem et al., 2000), auditory projections from the auditory belt (Morel et al., 1993) and parabelt areas (Seltzer and Pandya,…”
MethodMagosso, E., Ursino, M., di Pellegrino, G., Làdavas, E., & Serino, A. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.037 · Cited by 55
Subcortical connections of subdivisions of inferior temporal cortex in squirrel monkeys
Steele, G. E., & Weller, R. (1993) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800004776 · Cited by 52
Response of MSTd Neurons to Simulated 3D Orientation of Rotating Planes
杉原, 弘., Murakami, I., Shenoy, K. V., Andersen, R. A., & Komatsu, H. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00900.2000 · Cited by 55
“MSTd neurons project to this area (Boussaoud et al. 1990).”
Stages of Self-Motion Processing in Primate Posterior Parietal Cortex
Bremmer, F., Duhamel, J., Hamed, S. B., & Graf, W. M. (2000) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60742-4 · Cited by 55
Ocular fixation and visual activity in the monkey lateral intraparietal area
Hamed, S. B., & Duhamel, J. (2002) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0954-z · Cited by 53
Stepniewska, I., Cerkevich, C. M., Fang, P. Y., & Kaas, J. H. (2009) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22190 · Cited by 53
“In the intraparietal sulcus, the parietal reach region (Cohen and Andersen, 2002; Boussaoud et al., 1990; Marconi et al., 2001), the lateral intraparietal area (LIP; Shipp et al., 1998; Blatt et al., 1990), and the ventral intraparietal area (VIP; Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Lewis and Van Essen,…”
BackgroundLeichnetz, G. R., & Gonzalo‐Ruiz, A. (1996) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(96)00154-2 · Cited by 53
Hoffmann, K. ‐., Distler, C., & Erickson, R. G. (1991) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903130413 · Cited by 53
Primate Brain Evolution in Phylogenetic Context
Preuss, T. M. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-370878-8/00005-7 · Cited by 52
Johnson, F. A., Dawson, A. J., & Meyer, R. L. (1999) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990419)406:4 · Cited by 23
The effects of V4 lesions on the visual abilities of macaques: shape discrimination
Walsh, V., Butler, S. R., Carden, D. E., & Kulikowski, J. J. (1992) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80293-1 · Cited by 52
Avila, M., Weiler, M., Lahti, A., Tamminga, C., & Thaker, G. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1490 · Cited by 61
The Superior Temporal Polysensory Region in Monkeys
Cusick, C. G. (1997) · Cerebral cortex · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9625-4_10 · Cited by 51
Visual Response Properties of Neurons in the Parahippocampal Cortex of Monkeys
Sato, N., & Nakamura, K. (2003) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01089.2002 · Cited by 50
Vicarious Neural Processing of Outcomes during Observational Learning
Monfardini, E., Gazzola, V., Boussaoud, D., Brovelli, A., Keysers, C., & Wicker, B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073879 · Cited by 61
“Previous non-human primate connectivity data indicate that the STS is anatomically well situated to integrate information derived from both the ventral and dorsal visual pathways [85–87].”
BackgroundParallel motion signals to the medial and lateral motion areas V6 and MT+
Pitzalis, S., Bozzacchi, C., Bultrini, A., Fattori, P., Galletti, C., & Russo, F. D. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.11.022 · Cited by 50
“…patterns of anatomical connectivity: V6 is only connected with areas of the dorsal visual stream (Galletti et al., 2001), mainly located in the SPL, whereas V5/MT with cortical areas located in the inferior parietal lobule, and with areas of the ventral visual stream (Boussaoud et al., 1990).”
BackgroundBrain mechanisms of social cognition
Brothers, L. (1996) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/026988119601000102 · Cited by 54
Dopamine D2 receptors are organized in bands in normal human temporal cortex
Goldsmith, S. K., & Joyce, J. N. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00132-7 · Cited by 50
Visual perception and memory systems: from cortex to medial temporal lobe
Khan, Z. U., Martín‐Montañez, E., & Baxter, M. G. (2011) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-011-0641-6 · Cited by 53
“V1 primary visual cortex, V2 second secondary visual area, V3 third secondary visual area, V4 visual area 4, MT middle temporal area, also known as visual area V5, TEO area TEO, TE area TE, PIT posterior inferotemporal cortex, CIT central inferotemporal cortex, AIT anterior inferotemporal cortex, FST fundus of superio…”
BackgroundInfluentialOrganization of extrastriate and temporal cortex in chimpanzees compared to humans and macaques
Bryant, K., Glasser, M. F., Li, L., Bae, J. J.-C., Jacquez, N. J., Alarcón, L., Fields, A., & Preuss, T. M. (2019) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.010 · Cited by 53
“, (Maunsell and Van Essen 1983a; Boussaoud et al. 1990; Ungerleider and Desimone 1986a; Weller and Kaas 1983; Andersen et al. 1990; Lewis and Van Essen 2000; Morel and Bullier 1990; Rosa et al. 1993), as well as homologous divisions of IPS cortex in humans (Orban 2017).”
BackgroundStreams and consciousness: visual awareness and the brain
Milner, A. D. (1998) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(97)01116-9 · Cited by 50
Hietanen, J. K., & Perrett, D. I. (1996) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00193-x · Cited by 49
Metadata
- Authors
- Boussaoud, D., Ungerleider, L. G., & Desimone, R.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ungerleider, Leslie G.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-06-15
- Volume
- 296
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 462-495
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W1989600183
- Cited by
- 634
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 11.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- medial superior temporal area, motion analysis, cortical connectivity, extrastriate cortex, superior temporal sulcus, parietal cortex, frontal eye field, area MT, area V4, V2, cortical hierarchy, directionally selective neurons, macaque visual system
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fluorescent Dyes, Macaca, Macaca fascicularis, Motion Perception, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways
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