The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efferent projections of the infralimbic cortex of the rat
Abstract
On the basis of stimulation studies, it has been proposed that the infralimbic cortex (ILC), Brodmann area 25, may serve as an autonomic motor cortex. To explore this hypothesis, we have combined anterograde tracing with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and retrograde tracing with wheat germ aggutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) to determine the efferent projections from the ILC. Axons exit the ILC in one of three efferent pathways. The dorsal pathway ascends through layers III and V to innervate the prelimbic and anterior cingulate cortices. The lateral pathway courses through the nucleus accumbens to innervate the insular cortex, the perirhinal cortex, and parts of the piriform cortex. In addition, some fibers from the lateral pathway enter the corticospinal tract. The ventral pathway is by far the largest and innervates the thalamus (including the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, the border zone between the paraventricular and medial dorsal nuclei, and the paratenial, reuniens, ventromedial, parafasicular, and subparafasicular nuclei), the hypothalamus (including the lateral hypothalamic and medial preoptic areas, and the suprachiasmatic, dorsomedial, and supramammillary nuclei), the amygdala (including the central, medial, and basomedial nuclei, and the periamygdaloid cortex) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The ventral efferent pathway also provides descending projections to autonomic cell groups of the brainstem and spinal cord including the periaqueductal gray matter, the parabrachial nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the dorsal motor vagal nucleus, the nucleus ambiguus, and the ventrolateral medulla, as well as lamina I and the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord. The ILC has extensive projections to central autonomic nuclei that may subserve a role in modulating visceral responses to emotional stimuli, such as stress.
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“The cingulate cortex projects to stress inhibitory (dorsomedial hypothalamus and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus), whilst the infralimbic cortex projects to stress excitatory areas (stria medullaris and amygdala) (125–128).”
From Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [125]
In the citing paper
“according to tract tracing studies in monkeys and rats (Mesulam and Mufson, 1982; Hurley et al., 1991; Carmichael and Price, 1995; Freedman et al., 2000; Chiba et al., 2001; Vogt, 2005; Hsu and Price, 2007), the visceromotor areas possess connections targeting hypothalamus, brain stem nuclei and spinal cord (partially relayed by amygdala, periaqueductal gray (PAG), and basal ganglia).”
From Allostatic Self-efficacy: A Metacognitive Theory of Dyshomeostasis-Induced Fatigue and Depression (2016) · cites this paper as Hurley et al., 1991
In the citing paper
“Second, non-trivial species differences in the neuroanatomy of interoceptive circuitry exist.”
From Allostatic Self-efficacy: A Metacognitive Theory of Dyshomeostasis-Induced Fatigue and Depression (2016) · cites this paper as Hurley et al., 1991
Citations
Cites
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat
Saper, C. B., & Loewy, A. D. (1980) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)91117-8 · Cited by 1,217
Self-citationDirect hypothalamo-autonomic connections
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Self-citationSawchenko, P. E., & Swanson, L. W. (1982) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902050306 · Cited by 1,150
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Research works printed but not linked: 9
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Cited by
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Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses
Ulrich-Lai, Y. M., & Herman, J. P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2647 · Cited by 3,318
Ongur, D. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.206 · Cited by 2,627
A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain
Oh, S. W., Harris, J. A., Ng, L., Winslow, B., Cain, N., Mihalas, S., Wang, Q., Lau, C., Kuan, L., Henry, A. M., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13186 · Cited by 2,612
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The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress
Smith, S. M., & Vale, W. W. (2006) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2006.8.4/ssmith · Cited by 1,948
Metadata
- Authors
- Hurley, K. M., Herbert, H., Moga, M. M., & Saper, C. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Saper, Clifford B.
- ORCID
- Saper, Clifford B.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1991-06-08
- Volume
- 308
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 249-276
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W2012483271
- Cited by
- 777
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 8.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns022835-11, 1f31mh009607-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH09607)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-22835)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- infralimbic cortex, efferent projections, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, corticospinal tract, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus, ventrolateral medulla, intermediolateral cell column, stress response, emotion regulation, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autonomic Nervous System, Axonal Transport, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Efferent Pathways, Limbic System, Medulla Oblongata, Mesencephalon, Pons, Rats, Inbred Strains, Spinal Cord, Thalamus, Lectins, Rats
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