Adrenal steroids regulate postnatal development of the rat dentate gyrus: I. Effects of glucocorticoids on cell death

Gould, Elizabeth; Woolley, Catherine S.; McEwen, Bruce S.

doi:10.1002/cne.903130308

Cited by 254Stress Responses and CortisolNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Adrenal steroids regulate postnatal development of the rat dentate gyrus: I. Effects of glucocorticoids on cell death

Gould, Elizabeth, Woolley, Catherine S., McEwen, Bruce S.·1991·Journal of Comparative Neurology

DOI 10.1002/cne.903130308

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Abstract

The rat dentate gyrus undergoes a period of naturally occurring cell death during the first postnatal week. In the adult rat, removal of circulating adrenal steroids by adrenalectomy is followed by massive death in the granule cell layer, thus raising the possibility that developmental cell death results from low levels of these hormones. Interestingly, the first two postnatal weeks of life in the rat, termed the stress hyporesponsive period, are characterized by very low levels of adrenal steroids. In order to determine whether low levels of adrenal steroids enable developmental cell death to occur in the dentate gyrus, we examined the density of pyknotic and healthy cells in the dentate gyrus of rat pups which received one of the following treatments: (1) injections of the endogenous rat glucocorticoid corticosterone during the first postnatal week, or (2) adrenalectomy at the time when glucocorticoid levels normally rise. Quantitative analysis of the density of pyknotic cells in the granule cell layers revealed significant decreases with corticosterone treatment by the end of the first postnatal week. In these same brains, treatment with corticosterone resulted in a substantial increase in the density of pyknotic cells in the hilus. Adrenalectomy resulted in a significant increase in the density of pyknotic cells in the granule cell layer as well as in the hilus. Despite the dramatic alterations in the density of pyknotic cells with both increases and decreases in glucocorticoid levels, the density of healthy cells remained the same. These observations suggest that glucocorticoids regulate several processes, possibly including neurogenesis and migration, in addition to cell death.

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There was no evidence from TUNEL staining that IL-1β and/or acute stress elicit hippocampal cell death either in vitro or in vivo.
“In the present study, there was no evidence from TUNEL staining that IL-1β and/or acute stress elicit hippocampal cell death either in vitro or in vivo, which is consistent with previous studies (40–42), although there is one report that severe acute stress increases apoptosis (43).”
From IL-1β is an essential mediator of the antineurogenic and anhedonic effects of stress (2008) · cites this paper as [41]
Previous studies have shown smaller hippocampi in depressed patients and hippocampal atrophy following stress.
“Although increased hypothalamic volume supports the notion that HPA axis hyperactivity is associated with susceptibility to chronic stress, increased hippocampal volume may appear contrary to previous studies, which have shown smaller hippocampi in depressed patients (48,49) and hippocampal atrophy following stress (8,31,50–52).”
From Neuroanatomic differences associated with stress susceptibility and resilience (2016) · cites this paper as [51]

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Adrenal hormones suppress cell division in the adult rat dentate gyrus
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Adult neurogenesis is regulated by adrenal steroids in the dentate gyrus
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Short-term glucocorticoid manipulations affect neuronal morphology and survival in the adult dentate gyrus
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Authors: Gould, E., Woolley, C. S., & McEwen, B. S.
Affiliations: Rockefeller University (US)
Corresponding author: Gould, Elizabeth
ORCID: Gould, Elizabeth
Woolley, Catherine S.
McEwen, Bruce S.
Venue: Journal of Comparative Neurology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1991-11-15
Volume: 313
Issue: 3
Pages: 479-485
ISSN: 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
1096-9861
DOI: 10.1002/cne.903130308
OpenAlex: W2030667276
Cited by: 254
References: 23
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 3.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 4712 d)
Locations: The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1f32ns008804-01)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH-41256)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 08804)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: glucocorticoids, corticosterone, adrenal steroids, postnatal development, dentate gyrus, developmental cell death, pyknotic cells, adrenalectomy, stress hyporesponsive period, granular layer, hilus, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, hippocampus
MeSH terms: Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adrenalectomy, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cell Survival, Corticosterone, Hippocampus, Neurons, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rats

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Adrenal steroids regulate postnatal development of the rat dentate gyrus: I. Effects of glucocorticoids on cell death

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