Cited by 109Treatment of Major DepressionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and Access

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF FACTORS IMPLICATED IN THE HETEROGENEITY OF RESPONSE IN DEPRESSION: Review: Heterogeneity in Depression

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Carter, Gebra Cuyún, Cantrell, Ronald A, Victoria Zarotsky, Haynes, Virginia S, Phillips, Glenn, Alatorre, Carlos I, Goetz, Iris, Paczkowski, Rosirene +1 more·2012·Depression and Anxiety

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Heterogeneity in overall response and outcomes to pharmacological treatment has been reported in several depression studies but with few sources that integrate these results. The goal of this study was to review the literature and attempt to identify nongenetic factors potentially predictive of overall response to depression treatments. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature from the last 10 years was performed using three key databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane). All relevant studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected and scored for their levels of evidence using the NICE scoring method. A subjective assessment of the strength of evidence for each factor was performed using predefined criteria. RESULTS: Our broad search yielded 76 articles relevant to treatment heterogeneity. Sociodemographic factors, disease characteristics, and comorbidities were the most heavily researched areas. Some of the factors associated with more favorable overall response include being married, other social support, and low levels of baseline depressive symptoms. Evidence relating to baseline disease severity as a factor predictive of antidepressant response was particularly convincing among the factors reviewed. The presence of comorbid anxiety and pain contributed to worse antidepressant treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors either predictive of or associated with overall response to antidepressant treatment have been identified. Inclusion of factors predictive of response in the design of future trials may help tailor treatments to depression patients presenting to the average clinical practice, resulting in improved outcomes.

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  1. Kecskes I, Rihmer Z, Szadoczky E, et al. Does gender and coex- isting anxiety influence the treatment outcome in depression? Eur J Psychiat 2003;17:17-21.
  2. Depression and Anxiety 15206394, 2012, 4, · DOI
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  5. Depression and Anxiety 15206394, 2012, 4, · DOI

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Authors
Carter, G. C., Cantrell, R. A., Zarotsky, V., Haynes, V. S., Phillips, G., Alatorre, C. I., Goetz, I., Paczkowski, R., & Marangell, L. B.
Affiliations
  • Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
  • Optum (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Victoria Zarotsky
Venue
Depression and Anxiety
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-04
Volume
29
Issue
4
Pages
340-354
ISSN
1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1781867922
Cited by
109
References
82
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Eli Lilly and Company
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
depression, antidepressant response, treatment response heterogeneity, predictors of treatment response, baseline disease severity, anxiety comorbidity, comorbid pain, social support, marital status, sociodemographic factors
MeSH terms
Depressive Disorder, Humans, Treatment Outcome

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