The Role of Response Inhibition in Medicated and Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients: Evidence from the Stop-Signal Task: Research Article: Response Inhibition in OCD
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have investigated response inhibition (RI) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with many reporting that OCD patients demonstrate deficits in RI as compared to controls. However, reported effect sizes tend to be modest and results have been inconsistent, with some studies finding intact RI in OCD. To date, no study has examined the effect of medications on RI in OCD patients. METHODS: We analyzed results from a stop-signal task to probe RI in 65 OCD patients (32 of whom were medicated) and 58 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in stop-signal reaction time between the OCD group and the HC group, or between the medicated and unmedicated OCD patients. However, variability was significantly greater in the medicated OCD group compared to the unmedicated group. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that some samples of OCD patients do not have deficits in RI, making it unlikely that deficient RI underlies repetitive behaviors in all OCD patients. Future research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of medication use on stop-signal performance. Implications for future research on the cognitive processes underlying repetitive thoughts and behaviors are discussed.
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Not all studies report impairments in response inhibition in individuals with OCD.
“Still, not all studies report impairments in response inhibition in individuals with OCD [124–126].”
From Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
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“Indeed, patients with OCD show increased stop-signal reaction time and higher error rates on go/no-go paradigms compared with healthy controls (Chamberlain & Sahakian, 2007; Penadés et al. 2007; Kang et al. 2013, but also see Kalanthroff et al. 2016).”
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“However, most studies show no effect of medication on neuropsychological performance in OCD (Abramovitch et al., 2011; Shin et al., 2014; Simpson et al., 2006), with Kalanthroff et al. (2017) reporting no difference in response inhibition when comparing medicated and unmedicated patients.”
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“SST has been found to be deficient in patients with OCD in several studies,(11,18,23,28-31) but recent findings by Kalanthroff et al could not demonstrate any difference, independent of medication status.(32) Similarly, JefferiesSewell et al showed worse test performance on the SST among patients with BDD in compariso…”
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“Some of these discrepancies across studies may be explained by the inclusion of samples of medicated and unmedicated patients, since medication might affect performance on executive control tasks (Kalanthroff et al., 2017; Simpson et al., 2006), and by inclusion of patients with varying degrees of comorbidity.”
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“However, one of the major shortcomings of the habit formation model for OCD is that it does not specify the exact cognitive deficit that leads to overreliance on stimulus-driven habits (Kalanthroff et al., 2016).”
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“Deficits in inhibiting these unwanted behaviors may contribute to symptom persistence in OCD 7,77 , although some studies report conflicting results 96–98 .”
- Authors
- Kalanthroff, E., Teichert, T., Wheaton, M. G., Kimeldorf, M. B., Linkovski, O., Ahmari, S. E., Fyer, A. J., Schneier, F. R., Anholt, G. E., & Simpson, H. B.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Yeshiva University (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Kalanthroff, Eyal
- ORCID
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-03-17
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 301-306
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5026860
- OpenAlex
- W2301174074
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 6.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH091694, K24MH091555)
- The New York State Office of Mental Hygiene
- the New York-Presbyterian Hospital Youth Anxiety Center
- Yad Hanadiv - the Rothschild Foundation
- The Israel Science Foundation (79/15)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, response inhibition, stop-signal task, antipsychotic drugs, stop-signal reaction time, repetitive behavior, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time
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