Practical guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetes-related foot disease (IWGDF 2023 update).
Open accessAbstract
Diabetes-related foot disease results in a major global burden for patients and the healthcare system. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has been producing evidence-based guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetes-related foot disease since 1999. In 2023, all IWGDF Guidelines have been updated based on systematic reviews of the literature and formulation of recommendations by multidisciplinary experts from all over the world. In addition, a new guideline on acute Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy was created. In this document, the IWGDF Practical Guidelines, we describe the basic principles of prevention, classification and management of diabetes-related foot disease based on the seven IWGDF Guidelines. We also describe the organisational levels to successfully prevent and treat diabetes-related foot disease according to these principles and provide addenda to assist with foot screening. The information in these practical guidelines is aimed at the global community of healthcare professionals who are involved in the care of persons with diabetes. Many studies around the world support our belief that implementing these prevention and management principles is associated with a decrease in the frequency of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations. The burden of foot disease and amputations is increasing at a rapid rate, and comparatively more so in middle to lower income countries. These guidelines also assist in defining standards of prevention and care in these countries. In conclusion, we hope that these updated practical guidelines continue to serve as a reference document to aid healthcare providers in reducing the global burden of diabetes-related foot disease.
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The rate of death or major lower extremity amputation was higher in patients with diabetes living in rural areas who identified as non-Hispanic Black (28.0% vs 18.3% of other rural patients with diabetes).
“The rate of death or major lower extremity amputation was higher in patients with diabetes living in rural areas who identified as non-Hispanic Black (28.0%vs 18.3% of other rural patients with diabetes).23”
From Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
Section 2 discusses lower-extremity amputation as a complication of diabetes-related foot disease, but does not report outcomes by race or rural residence. Searches for the 28.0% versus 18.3% comparison and for rural, non-Hispanic Black patients found no passage addressing the claimed disparity. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Monteiro-Soares M, Hamilton EJ, Russell DA, et al. Guidelines on the classification of foot ulcers in people with diabetes (IWGDF 2023 update). Diab Metab Res Rev. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr. 36487 · DOI
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- Authors
- Schaper, N. C., van Netten, J. J., Apelqvist, J., Bus, S. A., Fitridge, R., Game, F., Monteiro‐Soares, M., Senneville, E., & the IWGDF Editorial Board
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology University Hospital of Malmö Malmö Sweden
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust Derby UK
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Department of Infectious Diseases Gustave Dron Hospital Tourcoing; Univ‐lille Lille France
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-05-27
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e3657-e3657
- ISSN
- 1520-7552 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-7560
- OpenAlex
- W4378529685
- Cited by
- 583
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 258 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 124 · 2023: 41
- FWCI
- 118.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- LillOA (Université de Lille (University Of Lille)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Diseases and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Foot and Ankle Surgery
- Keywords
- diabetic foot, diabetic foot prevention, diabetic foot management, Charcot foot, foot screening, lower limb amputation
- MeSH terms
- Amputation, Surgical, Diabetes Mellitus, Foot Diseases, Humans, International Agencies, Diabetic Foot
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