Disordered eating behaviors among transgender youth: Probability profiles from risk and protective factors
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PURPOSE: Research has documented high rates of disordered eating for lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth, but prevalence and patterns of disordered eating among transgender youth remain unexplored. This is despite unique challenges faced by this group, including gender-related body image and the use of hormones. We explore the relationship between disordered eating and risk and protective factors for transgender youth. METHODS: An online survey of 923 transgender youth (aged 14-25) across Canada was conducted, primarily using measures from existing youth health surveys. Analyses were stratified by gender identity and included logistic regressions with probability profiles to illustrate combinations of risk and protective factors for eating disordered behaviors. RESULTS: Enacted stigma (the higher rates of harassment and discrimination sexual minority youth experience) was linked to higher odds of reported past year binge eating and fasting or vomiting to lose weight, while protective factors, including family connectedness, school connectedness, caring friends, and social support, were linked to lower odds of past year disordered eating. Youth with the highest levels of enacted stigma and no protective factors had high probabilities of past year eating disordered behaviors. DISCUSSION: Our study found high prevalence of disorders. Risk for these behaviors was linked to stigma and violence exposure, but offset by social supports. Health professionals should assess transgender youth for disordered eating behaviors and supportive resources. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:515-522).
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Extant literature provides support for TGAs being at increased risk for disordered eating.
“Extant literature provides support for TGAs being at increased risk for disordered eating.”
From Exploring transgender adolescents’ body image concerns and disordered eating: Semi-structured interviews with nine gender minority youth (2021) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 2017
A recent study of Canadian TGAs aged 14-18 found high rates of disordered eating, with up to 48% reporting a disordered eating behavior.
“For example, a recent study of Canadian TGAs aged 14–18 found high rates of disordered eating, with up to 48% reporting a disordered eating behavior (Watson et al., 2017).”
From Exploring transgender adolescents’ body image concerns and disordered eating: Semi-structured interviews with nine gender minority youth (2021) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 2017
Both case studies and quantitative literature have found purging behaviors to be prevalent among TGAs.
“Furthermore, both case studies and quantitative literature have found purging behaviors to be prevalent among TGAs (Diemer et al., 2015; Watson et al., 2017; Gordon et al., 2016).”
From Exploring transgender adolescents’ body image concerns and disordered eating: Semi-structured interviews with nine gender minority youth (2021) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 2017
The body dissatisfaction and disordered eating experienced as a result of dissonance between their physical bodies and their felt sense of gender is consistent with evidence of TGAs being a high-risk population.
“The body dissatisfaction and disordered eating experienced as a result of dissonance between their physical bodies and their felt sense of gender is consistent with evidence of TGAs being a high-risk population (Guss et al., 2017; Watson et al., 2017).”
From Exploring transgender adolescents’ body image concerns and disordered eating: Semi-structured interviews with nine gender minority youth (2021) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Watson, R. J., Veale, J. F., & Saewyc, E. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Watson, Ryan J.
- Venue
- International Journal of Eating Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-11-12
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 515-522
- ISSN
- 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-108X
- PMC
- PMC5754211
- OpenAlex
- W2555681457
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 9.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Commons (University of Waikato) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP 119472)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- disordered eating, transgender youth, binge eating, enacted stigma, discrimination and harassment, protective factors, social support, family connectedness, school connectedness, gender identity, eating disorder risk, hormone use, body image
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Risk, Prevalence, Young Adult, Transgender Persons, Protective Factors
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