The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anger at unfairness: is it moral outrage?
Open accessAbstract
Anger at unfair treatment has been called moral outrage. However, moral outrage—anger at the violation of a moral standard—should be distinguished from personal anger at being harmed and empathic anger at seeing another for whom one cares harmed. Across a preliminary experiment and a main experiment, both designed to manipulate the appraisal conditions for these three forms of anger, we found evidence of personal anger and empathic anger, but little evidence of moral outrage. Participants perceived unfair treatment of another, even another for whom they had not been induced to feel empathy, to be as unfair as participants perceived unfair treatment of themselves. But the appraisal conditions that evoked anger were unfair treatment of self and unfair treatment of a cared‐for other, not unfairness per se. In the absence of empathic concern, unfair treatment of another evoked little anger. Possible implications for understanding moral emotion and moral motivation are suggested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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“Empathetic anger is anger felt on behalf of harmed others (Batson et al., 2007).”
From Distinguishing Moral Outrage and Empathetic Anger: Advancing the Triadic Appraisal Framework of Situational Crisis Communication Theory (2026) · cites this paper as Batson et al., 2007
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“Moreover, empathetic anger motivates observers to safeguard victims' interests by seeking to undo harm, provide compensation, and punish offenders (Batson et al., 2007;Hechler & Kessler, 2018).”
From Distinguishing Moral Outrage and Empathetic Anger: Advancing the Triadic Appraisal Framework of Situational Crisis Communication Theory (2026) · cites this paper as Batson et al., 2007
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Cites
The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment.
Haidt, J. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.4.814 · Cited by 8,048
Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities
Bandura, A. (1999) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3 · Cited by 4,228
Orne, M. T. (1962) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0043424 · Cited by 4,041
Tetlock, P. E., Kristel, O. V., Elson, S. B., Green, M. C., & Lerner, J. S. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.5.853 · Cited by 1,400
Krebs, D. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.6.1134 · Cited by 417
Cited by
The moral emotions: A social–functionalist account of anger, disgust, and contempt.
Hutcherson, C. A., & Gross, J. J. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022408 · Cited by 609
Algorithmic discrimination causes less moral outrage than human discrimination
Bigman, Y. E., Wilson, D., Arnestad, M. N., Waytz, A., & Gray, K. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0001250 · Cited by 198
Homophily and acrophily as drivers of political segregation
Goldenberg, A., Abruzzo, J. M., Huang, Z., Schöne, J., Bailey, D., Willer, R., Halperin, E., & Gross, J. J. (2022) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01474-9 · Cited by 65
Seeing is believing: communication modality, anger, and support for action on behalf of out‐groups
Glasford, D. E. (2013) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12173 · Cited by 21
Perceived Shared Condemnation Intensifies Punitive Moral Emotions
Konishi, N., Oe, T., Shimizu, H., Tanaka, K., & Ohtsubo, Y. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07916-z · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Batson, C. D., Kennedy, C. L., Nord, L., Stocks, E. L., Fleming, D. A., Marzette, C. M., Lishner, D. A., Hayes, R. E., Kolchinsky, L. M., & Zerger, T.
- Venue
- European Journal of Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1272-1285
- ISSN
- 0046-2772 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0992
- OpenAlex
- W2052286836
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
