The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a renewal of interest in intergroup contact theory. A meta‐analysis of more than 500 studies established the theory's basic contention that intergroup contact typically reduces prejudices of many types. This paper addresses the issue of process: just how does contact diminish prejudice? We test meta‐analytically the three most studied mediators: contact reduces prejudice by (1) enhancing knowledge about the outgroup, (2) reducing anxiety about intergroup contact, and (3) increasing empathy and perspective taking. Our tests reveal mediational effects for all three of these mediators. However, the mediational value of increased knowledge appears less strong than anxiety reduction and empathy. Limitations of the study and implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03206553 · Cited by 17,383
Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
Sobel, M. E. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270723 · Cited by 12,810
A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory.
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006) · Journal of personality and social psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751 · Cited by 9,708 · cited 5×
“We built upon our extensive file of 515 intergroup contact studies conducted through the year 2000, using the same data collection procedures employed in our previous meta-analytic study (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006).”
InfluentialSelf-citationPettigrew, T. F. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65 · Cited by 6,001
Self-citationRequired sample size to detect the mediated effect
Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x · Cited by 4,810
Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.12.1181 · Cited by 2,033
Batson, C. D., Polycarpou, M. P., Harmon-Jones, E., Imhoff, H. J., Mitchener, E. C., Bednar, L. L., Klein, T. R., & Highberger, L. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.105 · Cited by 1,463 · cited 2×
“Contact eases the initial anxiety that often accompanies the initiation of cross-group interaction (Blascovich et al., 2001), and this reduction in anxiety allows a concomitant reduction in prejudice.”
Understanding research synthesis (meta-analysis).
Mosteller, F., & Colditz, G. A. (1996) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.17.050196.000245 · Cited by 228
Tam, T., Hewstone, M., Harwood, J., Voci, A., & Kenworthy, J. (2006) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430206064642 · Cited by 198
Cited by
McCoy, J., Rahman, T., & Somer, M. (2018) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764218759576 · Cited by 1,023
Reconstructing and deconstructing the self: cognitive mechanisms in meditation practice
Dahl, C. J., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.07.001 · Cited by 809
Eisenberg, N., Eggum, N. D., & Di Giunta, L. (2010) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2010.01020.x · Cited by 688
Lemmer, G., & Wagner, U. (2015) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2079 · Cited by 522
Does Exposure to the Refugee Crisis Make Natives More Hostile?
HANGARTNER, D., DINAS, E., MARBACH, M., MATAKOS, K., & XEFTERIS, D. (2019) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055418000813 · Cited by 482
Metadata
- Authors
- Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R.
- Venue
- European Journal of Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-03-05
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 922-934
- ISSN
- 0046-2772 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0992
- OpenAlex
- W2081234186
- Cited by
- 2,539
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 146.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/ejsp.504
- The paper
- Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
