Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders by gender: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders (ED) separately in men and women, especially in representative samples. Using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, lifetime and past 12-month prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, ADHD was compared in men and women with and without diagnoses of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV ED and any binge eating (BE) using logistic regression models adjusted for gender and age. In both sexes, those with lifetime and past 12-month BE and binge eating disorder had significantly higher prevalence of ADHD than those without BE and binge eating disorder, respectively. Women with lifetime and past 12-month bulimia nervosa and lifetime anorexia nervosa also had significantly higher prevalence of ADHD compared with women without these diagnoses. Given that ADHD invariably began earlier than the ED, ADHD may be an important risk factor for subsequent BE and related ED, and there may be opportunities for intervention among youth with ADHD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In both sexes, binge eaters have significantly higher prevalence of ADHD.
“In both sexes, binge eaters have significantly higher prevalence of ADHD [184].”
From Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint (2020) · cites this paper as [184]
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Hudson, J. I., Hiripi, E., Pope, H. G., & Kessler, R. C. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.040 · Cited by 4,973 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.168 · Cited by 4,771 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., Faraone, S. V., Greenhill, L. L., Howes, M. J., Secnik, K., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716 · Cited by 3,886 · see citing works
Swanson, S. A., Crow, S. J., Le Grange, D., Swendsen, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22 · Cited by 1,611 · see citing works
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R): background and aims
Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.166 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
McElroy, S. L., Hudson, J. I., Mitchell, J. E., Wilfley, D., Ferreira-Cornwell, M. C., Gao, J., Wang, J., Whitaker, T., Jonas, J., & Gasior, M. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2162 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Role of Dopamine Receptors in ADHD: A Systematic Meta-analysis
Wu, J., Xiao, H., Sun, H., Zou, L., & Zhu, L.-Q. (2012) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-012-8278-5 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obesity: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Cortese, S., Angriman, M., Maffeis, C., Isnard, P., Konofal, É., Lecendreux, M., Purper‐Ouakil, D., Vincenzi, B., Bernardina, B. D., & Mouren, M. (2008) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408390701540124 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Khalife, N., KANTOMAA, M. T., Glover, V. A. S., Tammelin, T., Laitinen, J. H., Ebeling, H. E., Hurtig, T. M., Järvelin, M., & Rodriguez, A. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.01.009 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge eating.
Cortese, S., Bernardina, B. D., & Mouren, M.-C. (2008) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00318.x · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Ball, S. W., Monuteaux, M. C., Surman, C. B. H., Johnson, J. L., & Zeitlin, S. (2007) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e3180327917 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
DSM-5 reduces the proportion of EDNOS cases: evidence from community samples.
Machado, P., Gonçalves, S., & Hoek, H. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22040 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Trauma and multi-impulsivity in the eating disorders
Corstorphine, E., Waller, G., Lawson, R., & Ganis, C. C. (2004) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2004.08.009 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Cortese, S., Isnard, P., Frelut, M., Michel, G., Quantin, L., Guédeney, A., Falissard, B., Acquaviva, É., Bernardina, B. D., & Mouren, M. (2006) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803400 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
de Zwaan, M., Gruß, B., Müller, A., Philipsen, A., Graap, H., Martin, A., Glaesmer, H., & Hilbert, A. (2011) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000329565 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The Role of Impulsivity, Inattention and Comorbid ADHD in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa
Seitz, J., Kahraman-Lanzerath, B., Legenbauer, T., Sarrar, L., Herpertz, S., Salbach‐Andrae, H., Konrad, K., & Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063891 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Seymour, K. E., Reinblatt, S. P., Benson, L., & Carnell, S. (2015) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852915000383 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Striatal Dopamine in Bulimia Nervosa: a PET Imaging Study
Broft, A., Shingleton, R., Kaufman, J., Liu, F., Kumar, D. J. S., Slifstein, M., Abi-Dargham, A., Schebendach, J., Heertum, R. V. V., Attia, E., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20984 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
ADHD symptomatology in eating disorders: a secondary psychopathological measure of severity?
Fernández-Aranda, F., Agüera, Z., Castro, R., Jiménez-Múrcia, S., Ramos-Quiroga, J., Bosch, R., Fagundo, A., Granero, R., Penelo, E., Claes, L., et al. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-166 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Temperament Subtypes in Treatment Seeking Obese Individuals: A Latent Profile Analysis
Müller, A., Claes, L., Wilderjans, T. F., & de Zwaan, M. (2014) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2294 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Dukarm, C. P. (2005) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2005.14.345 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Association of the COMT Met158 allele with trait impulsivity in healthy young adults
Soeiro‐de‐Souza, M. G., Stanford, M. S., Bio, D. S., Machado‐Vieira, R., & Moreno, R. A. (2013) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1336 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Binge eating before the onset of dieting: A distinct subgroup of bulimia nervosa?
Haiman, C., & Devlin, M. J. (1999) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199903)25:2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mikołajczyk, E., Grzywacz, A., & Samochowiec, J. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.035 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Yılmaz, Z., Kaplan, A. S., Zai, C. C. H., Levitan, R. D., & Kennedy, J. L. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.01.012 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Thaler, L., Groleau, P., Badawi, G., Sycz, L., Zeramdini, N., Too, A., Israël, M., Joober, R., Bruce, K. R., & Steiger, H. (2012) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.019 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Clinical significance and distinctiveness of purging disorder and binge eating disorder
Keel, P. K., Holm‐Denoma, J. M., & Crosby, R. D. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20821 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Methylphenidate Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa after Surgery *
Messner, E. (1989) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674378903400817 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dansky (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199704)21:3
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Young, S., Adamo, N., Ásgeirsdóttir, B. B., Branney, P., Beckett, M., Colley, W., Cubbin, S., Deeley, Q., Farrag, E., Gudjonsson, G., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02707-9 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Hambleton, A., Pepin, G., Le, A., Maloney, D., National Eating Disorder Research Consortium, Aouad, P., Barakat, S., Boakes, R., Brennan, L., Bryant, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00654-2 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Wiss, D. A., & Brewerton, T. D. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112964 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationNazar, B. P., Bernardes, C., Peachey, G., Sergeant, J. A., Mattos, P., & Treasure, J. L. (2016) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22643 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Nazar, B. P., Trindade, A. P., Leslie, M. R., Malloy‐Diniz, L. F., Sergeant, J. A., Treasure, J. L., & Mattos, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00531 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Archi, S. E., Cortese, S., Ballon, N., Réveillère, C., Luca, A. D., Barrault, S., & Brunault, P. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113292 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A network approach can improve eating disorder conceptualization and treatment
Levinson, C. A., Cusack, C. E., Brown, M. L., & Smith, A. R. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00062-y · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Wiss, D., & Brewerton, T. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12102937 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationClemow, D. B., Bushe, C., Mancini, M., Ossipov, M. H., & Upadhyaya, H. P. (2017) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s115707 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ziobrowski, H., Brewerton, T. D., & Duncan, A. E. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.026 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kaisari, P., Dourish, C. T., Rotshtein, P., & Higgs, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00103 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Brunault, P., Frammery, J., Montaudon, P., De Luca, A., Hankard, R., Ducluzeau, P. H., Cortese, S., & Ballon, N. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.01.013 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Comorbidity of binge eating disorder and other psychiatric disorders: a systematic review
Kowalewska, E., Bzowska, M., Engel, J., & Lew‐Starowicz, M. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05943-5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Carlucci, S., Ivanova, I. V., Bissada, H., & Tasca, G. A. (2017) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.03.010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lisdexamfetamine in Pediatric Binge Eating Disorder: A Retrospective Chart Review
Guerdjikova, A. I., Blom, T. J., Mori, N. N., Matthews, A. L., Cummings, T. S., Casuto, L., & McElroy, S. L. (2019) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0000000000000367 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Christian, C., Martel, M. M., & Levinson, C. A. (2019) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101344 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Makin, L., Zesch, E., Meyer, A., Mondelli, V., & Tchanturia, K. (2025) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.3177 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Martin, E., Dourish, C. T., Hook, R. W., Chamberlain, S. R., & Higgs, S. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720004638 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sala, L., Martinotti, G., Carenti, M. L., Romo, L., Oumaya, M., Pham‐Scottez, A., Rouillon, F., Gorwood, P. A. P. M., & Janiri, L. (2017) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-017-0395-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Şahan, E., Eroğlu, M. Z., & Sertçelik, S. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1915 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
de Jong, M., Wynchank, D. S. M. R., Michielsen, M., Beekman, A. T. F., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13072106 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dismantling the myth of “all foods fit” in eating disorder treatment
Brewerton, T. D., Dennis, K., & Wiss, D. A. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01017-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationThe complexity of the interaction between binge-eating and attention
Halevy-Yosef, R., Bachar, E., Shalev, L., Pollak, Y., Enoch‐Levy, A., Gur, E., Weizman, A., & Stein, D. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215506 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Food addiction and its associations to trauma, severity of illness, and comorbidity
Brewerton, T. D. (2019) · Compulsive Eating Behavior and Food Addiction · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816207-1.00015-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationLe, L. K., Hay, P., Ananthapavan, J., Lee, Y. Y., & Mihalopoulos, C. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12082313 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ayoubi, H. E., Barrault, S., Gateau, A., Cortese, S., Frammery, J., Mollat, E., Bonnet‐Brilhault, F., Grall‐Bronnec, M., Ballon, N., & Brunault, P. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105665 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Halt, A., Hirvonen, T.-T., Koskela, J., Kerkelä, M., & Hurtig, T. M. (2023) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2023.2198504 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Auch, L. A. M., Riedel, A., Felleiter, K. G., & Corbisiero, S. (2025) · Mental Health Science · doi:10.1002/mhs2.70038 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Antunes, V. C., Modesto, C. E. S., de Faria, G. S., Cipriani, L. M., & Cardoso, G. T. (2025) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v14i7.49295 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Assessment of Addictive Behavior in Rats with Partial Knockout of the Dopamine Transporter Gene
Lebedev, A. A., Shabanov, P. D., Lyakso, E. E., Frolova, O. V., Kleshnev, E. A., Nikolaev, A., Sizov, V. V., Netesa, M. A., Balaganskii, I. A., & Pyurveev, S. S. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27125604 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Regional Dysregulation and Aberrant Functional Connectivity in ADHD
Archer, T., & Abedini, Y. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience and Neuropsychology · doi:10.18875/2577-7890.1.101
(2023) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890424865.eatingdisorder07
Yuan, Y., Ye, F., Du, B., Lu, H., Zhang, Y., Jiang, K., Jeong, J., & Tu, Y. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05996-5
Diagnostic Challenges in Adults
Gogne, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-86588-6_3
Hambleton, A. L., Pépin, G., Le, A., Maloney, D., Touyz, S. W., & Maguire, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20962341
Hambleton, A. L., Pépin, G., Le, A., Maloney, D., Touyz, S. W., & Maguire, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20962338
- Authors
- Brewerton, T. D., & Duncan, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brewerton, Timothy D.
- Venue
- European Eating Disorders Review
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-08-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 536-540
- ISSN
- 1072-4133 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0968
- OpenAlex
- W2499965889
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Eating Disorders Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, binge eating, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, gender differences, comorbidities, prevalence, risk factors, National Comorbidity Survey Replication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, China, Eating, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult, Binge-Eating Disorder
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
