The DOI matches its Crossref record; 126 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Network intrusion detection system: A systematic study of machine learning and deep learning approaches
Open accessAbstract
The rapid advances in the internet and communication fields have resulted in a huge increase in the network size and the corresponding data. As a result, many novel attacks are being generated and have posed challenges for network security to accurately detect intrusions. Furthermore, the presence of the intruders with the aim to launch various attacks within the network cannot be ignored. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is one such tool that prevents the network from possible intrusions by inspecting the network traffic, to ensure its confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Despite enormous efforts by the researchers, IDS still faces challenges in improving detection accuracy while reducing false alarm rates and in detecting novel intrusions. Recently, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)‐based IDS systems are being deployed as potential solutions to detect intrusions across the network in an efficient manner. This article first clarifies the concept of IDS and then provides the taxonomy based on the notable ML and DL techniques adopted in designing network‐based IDS (NIDS) systems. A comprehensive review of the recent NIDS‐based articles is provided by discussing the strengths and limitations of the proposed solutions. Then, recent trends and advancements of ML and DL‐based NIDS are provided in terms of the proposed methodology, evaluation metrics, and dataset selection. Using the shortcomings of the proposed methods, we highlighted various research challenges and provided the future scope for the research in improving ML and DL‐based NIDS.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
SMOTE synthetic minority over-sampling technique
Chawla, N. V., Bowyer, K. W., Hall, L. O., & Kegelmeyer, W. P. (2002) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · doi:10.1613/jair.953 · Cited by 32,865
A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets
Hinton, G. E., Osindero, S., & Teh, Y.-W. (2006) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527 · Cited by 16,336
Extreme learning machine: Theory and applications
Huang, G.-B., Zhu, Q.-Y., & Siew, C.-K. (2006) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2005.12.126 · Cited by 13,285
Chandola, V., Banerjee, A., & Kumar, V. (2009) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/1541880.1541882 · Cited by 11,687
Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling
Chung, J., Gulcehre, C., Cho, K., & Bengio, Y. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.3555 · Cited by 11,008
Speech recognition with deep recurrent neural networks
Graves, A., Mohamed, A.-R., & Hinton, G. (2013) · 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6638947 · Cited by 8,893
Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Neural Networks
Carlini, N., & Wagner, D. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) · doi:10.1109/sp.2017.49 · Cited by 8,859
The vision of autonomic computing
Kephart, J. O., & Chess, D. M. (2003) · Computer · doi:10.1109/mc.2003.1160055 · Cited by 6,572
A detailed analysis of the KDD CUP 99 data set
Tavallaee, M., Bagheri, E., Lu, W., & Ghorbani, A. A. (2009) · 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications · doi:10.1109/cisda.2009.5356528 · Cited by 5,396
Cited by
Explainable Artificial Intelligence in CyberSecurity: A Survey
Capuano, N., Fenza, G., Loia, V., & Stanzione, C. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3204171 · Cited by 330
“IDSs can be implemented with hardware appliances or with 555 special software; sometimes, they combine both systems [69].”
Enhancing intrusion detection: a hybrid machine and deep learning approach
Sajid, M., Malik, K. R., Almogren, A., Malik, T. S., Khan, A. H., Tanveer, J., & Rehman, A. U. (2024) · Journal of Cloud Computing · doi:10.1186/s13677-024-00685-x · Cited by 283
Azam, Z., Islam, M. M., & Huda, M. N. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3296444 · Cited by 265
Nwakanma, C. I., Ahakonye, L. A. C., Njoku, J. N., Odirichukwu, J. C., Okolie, S. A., Uzondu, C., Ndubuisi Nweke, C. C., & Kim, D.-S. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13031252 · Cited by 202
Unsolved Problems in ML Safety
Hendrycks, D., Carlini, N., Schulman, J., & Steinhardt, J. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.13916 · Cited by 95
Metadata
- Authors
- Ahmad, Z., Shahid Khan, A., Wai Shiang, C., Abdullah, J., & Ahmad, F.
- Venue
- Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-10-16
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2161-3915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3093410479
- Cited by
- 1,288
- References
- 126
- FWCI
- 59.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Network intrusion detection system: A systematic study of machine learning and deep learning approaches. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/ett.4150
- The paper
- Ahmad, Z., Shahid Khan, A., Wai Shiang, C., Abdullah, J., & Ahmad, F. (2021). Network intrusion detection system: A systematic study of machine learning and deep learning approaches. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4150
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.