Aperiodic phase re‐setting in scalp EEG of beta–gamma oscillations by state transitions at alpha–theta rates
Open accessAbstract
We evaluated the rapid changes in regional scalp EEG synchronization in normal subjects with spatial and temporal resolution exceeding prior art 10‐fold with a high spatial density array and the Hilbert transform. A curvilinear array of 64 electrodes 3 mm apart extending 18.9 cm across the scalp was used to record EEG at 200/sec. Analytic amplitude (AA) and phase (AP) were calculated at each time step for the 64 traces in the analog pass band of 0.5–120 Hz. AP differences approximated the AP derivative (instantaneous frequency). The AP from unfiltered EEG revealed no reproducible patterns. Filtering was necessary in the β and gamma ranges according to a technique that optimized the correlation of the AP differences with the activity band pass filtered in the alpha range. The sizes of temporal AP differences were usually within ±0.5 radian from the average step corresponding to the center frequency of the pass band. Large AP differences were often synchronized over distances of 6 to 19 cm. An optimal pass band to detect and measure these recurring jumps in AP in the β and γ ranges was found by maximizing the α peak in the cospectrum of the correlation between unfiltered EEG and the band pass AP differences. Synchronized AP jumps recurred in clusters (CAP) at α and theta rates in resting subjects and with EMG. Cortex functions by serial changes in state. The Hilbert transform of EEG from high‐density arrays can visualize these state transitions with high temporal and spatial resolution and should be useful in relating EEG to cognition. Hum. Brain Mapping 19:248–272, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Using a Hilbert analysis of the cortical EEG, Freeman et al. report that electrophysiological equilibria reflect a hemisphere-wide spatial phase change, occurring at theta rates.
“Using a Hilbert analysis of the cortical EEG, Freeman et al. (2003) report that electrophysiological equilibria reflect a hemisphere-wide spatial phase change, occurring at theta rates.”
From Global Workspace Dynamics: Cortical “Binding and Propagation” Enables Conscious Contents (2013) · cites this paper as Freeman et al. (2003)
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- Authors
- Freeman, W. J., Burke, B. C., & Holmes, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Harborview Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Freeman, Walter J.
- ORCID
- Holmes, Mark D.
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-06-26
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 248-272
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6871824
- OpenAlex
- W2161350892
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 8.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0130352)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NCC21244)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- beta-gamma oscillations, Hilbert transform, instantaneous frequency, state transitions, electromyography
- MeSH terms
- Alpha Rhythm, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Cortical Synchronization, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Male, Muscles, Scalp, Theta Rhythm
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