Exosome-mediated activation of Toll-like receptor 3 in stellate cells stimulates interleukin-17 production by γδ T cells in liver fibrosis
Open accessAbstract
During liver injury, hepatocytes secrete exosomes that include diverse types of self‐RNAs. Recently, self‐noncoding RNA has been recognized as an activator of Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3). However, the roles of hepatic exosomes and TLR3 in liver fibrosis are not yet fully understood. Following acute liver injury and early‐stage liver fibrosis induced by a single or 2‐week injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4), increased interleukin (IL)‐17A production was detected primarily in hepatic γδ T cells in wild‐type (WT) mice. However, liver fibrosis and IL‐17A production by γδ T cells were both significantly attenuated in TLR3 knockout (KO) mice compared with WT mice. More interestingly, IL‐17A‐producing γδ T cells were in close contact with activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), suggesting a role for HSCs in IL‐17A production by γδ T cells.In vitro treatments with exosomes derived from CCl 4‐treated hepatocytes significantly increased the expression of IL‐17A, IL‐1β, and IL‐23 in WT HSCs but not in TLR3 KO HSCs. Furthermore, IL‐17A production by γδ T cells was substantially increased upon coculturing with exosome‐treated WT HSCs or conditioned medium from TLR3‐activated WT HSCs. However, similar increases were not detected when γδ T cells were cocultured with exosome‐treated HSCs from IL‐17A KO or TLR3 KO mice. Using reciprocal bone marrow transplantation between WT and TLR3 KO mice, we found that TLR3 deficiency in HSCs contributed to decreased IL‐17A production by γδ T cells, as well as liver fibrosis.Conclusion: In liver injury, the exosome‐mediated activation of TLR3 in HSCs exacerbates liver fibrosis by enhancing IL‐17A production by γδ T cells, which might be associated with HSC stimulation by unknown self‐TLR3 ligands from damaged hepatocytes. Therefore, TLR3 might be a novel therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. (H epatology 2016;64:616‐631)
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Hepatic γδ T cells promote IL-17 release in mouse models of liver fibrosis, indicating a profibrogenic function.
“Although hepatic γδ T cells promote IL-17 release in mouse models of liver fibrosis, and therefore indicate a profibrogenic function (76, 77)”
From Immunoregulation of Liver Fibrosis: New Opportunities for Antifibrotic Therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Seo, W., Eun, H. S., Kim, S. Y., Yi, H., Lee, Y., Park, S., Jang, M., Jo, E., Kim, S. C., Han, Y., Park, K., & Jeong, W.
- Affiliations
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Chungnam National University (KR)
- Korea University (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Kyungpook National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Jeong, Won‐Il
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2016-06-29
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 616-631
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-3350
- OpenAlex
- W2363676876
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 11.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation (2011-0031955)
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NFR-2015R1A2A1A10055551, 2011-0031955)
- Rural Development Administration
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2014, 2015R1A2A1A10055551, 2011-0031955)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Keywords
- liver fibrosis, exosomes, TLR3, hepatic stellate cells, γδ T cells, IL-17A, carbon tetrachloride, IL-1β, IL-23, bone marrow transplantation, acute liver injury
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, T-Lymphocytes, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta, Interleukin-17, Toll-Like Receptor 3, Hepatic Stellate Cells, Exosomes, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3
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