A methodological approach and framework for sustainability assessment in NGO‐implemented primary health care programs
Abstract
An estimated 10.8 million children under 5 continue to die each year in developing countries from causes easily treatable or preventable. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) are frontline implementers of low‐cost and effective child health interventions, but their progress toward sustainable child health gains is a challenge to evaluate. This paper presents the Child Survival Sustainability Assessment (CSSA) methodology—a framework and process—to map progress towards sustainable child health from the community level and upward. The CSSA was developed with NGOs through a participatory process of research and dialogue. Commitment to sustainability requires a systematic and systemic consideration of human, social and organizational processes beyond a purely biomedical perspective. The CSSA is organized around three interrelated dimensions of evaluation: (1) health and health services; (2) capacity and viability of local organizations; (3) capacity of the community in its social ecological context. The CSSA uses a participatory, action‐planning process, engaging a ‘local system’ of stakeholders in the contextual definition of objectives and indicators. Improved conditions measured in the three dimensions correspond to progress toward a sustainable health situation for the population. This framework opens new opportunities for evaluation and research design and places sustainability at the center of primary health care programming. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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82% (51/62) of approaches have been designed to examine or influence sustainability at a specific intervention or programme level.
“The majority, 82% (51/62), of approaches have been designed to examine or influence sustainability at a specific intervention or programme level (e.g. a single improvement project) [31].”
From Navigating the sustainability landscape: a systematic review of sustainability approaches in healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [31]
Studies in low- and middle-income countries indicate the importance of strategic partnerships and the impact of broader social context and health system weaknesses as influences on sustainability.
“Such studies indicate the importance of strategic partnerships (89, 112) and the impact of the broader social context and of health system weaknesses (15, 63) as important influences on sustainability.”
From The Sustainability of Evidence-Based Interventions and Practices in Public Health and Health Care (2018) · cites this paper as [112]
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- Authors
- Sarriot, E. G., Winch, P. J., Ryan, L. J., Bowie, J., Kouletio, M., Swedberg, E., LeBan, K., Edison, J., Welch, R., & Pacqué, M. C.
- Affiliations
- ORC Macro (United States) (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Save the Children (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sarriot, Eric G.
- Venue
- The International Journal of Health Planning and Management
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-41
- ISSN
- 0749-6753 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1751
- OpenAlex
- W2098853290
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The International Journal of Health Planning and Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- United States Agency for International Development
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Evaluation and Performance Assessment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- sustainability assessment, child survival, child health interventions, non-governmental organizations, participatory evaluation, community capacity, organizational capacity, social-ecological context, under-five mortality, stakeholder engagement, action planning
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Welfare, Developing Countries, Humans, Organizations, Primary Health Care, United States, Program Evaluation, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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