Panax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adults
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of research into the cognitive and mood effects of repeated ginseng ingestion. The present study assessed the effects of Panax ginseng (G115) on subjective mood and aspects of 'working' memory processes, following a single dose and following sub-chronic (7 days) ingestion, in healthy volunteers. METHODS: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, crossover was utilised. Thirty volunteers (mean age 22.87 years; SD 4.01) received each treatment (200 mg; 400 mg; placebo) for 8 days, in a counter balanced order, with a 6-day wash-out period. Testing was on days 1 and 8 of each treatment period, at pre-dose, 1, 2.5 and 4 h post-dose. RESULTS: Results revealed dose-related treatment effects (p < 0.05). Two hundred milligrams slowed a fall in mood at 2.5 and 4 h on day 1 and at 1 and 4 h on day 8, but slowed responding on a mental arithmetic task across day 1 and at 1 and 2.5 h on day 8. The 400 mg dose also improved calmness (restricted 2.5 and 4 h on day 1) and improved mental arithmetic across days 1 and 8. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence of additional benefits, nor attenuation of acute effects following repeated ingestion of Panax ginseng (G115).
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The intake of plant adaptogens is not associated with serious side effects.
“The intake of plant adaptogens is not associated with serious side effects [20,21].”
From Plant Adaptogens—History and Future Perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
The intake of Panax ginseng extract is not associated with serious side effects.
“The intake of Panax ginseng extract is not associated with serious side effects [21,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41].”
From Plant Adaptogens—History and Future Perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
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Kwon, O., Lee, S., Im, J. J., Lee, E. H., Kim, J., Lim, S. M., Lee, S. G., Kim, K., Yoon, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2015) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Toxicology and Drug Interactions of Nutraceuticals
Cope, R. B. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04624-8_51 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review
Scholey, A. B., Longis, E. D., Hudry, J., & Owen, L. (2026) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-026-00355-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Cognitive Health—Part 2
Lucius, K. (2019) · Alternative and Complementary Therapies · doi:10.1089/act.2019.29242.klu · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ginseng and Ginsenosides in Depression
Naoi, M., Maruyama, W., & Nagai, M. S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_92-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Integrative and Complementary Medicine in Psychiatry
Sarris, J. J., Gerbarg, P. L., Brown, R. P., & Muskin, P. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_145-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Integrative and Complementary Medicine in Psychiatry
Sarris, J. J., Gerbarg, P. L., Brown, R. P., & Muskin, P. R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_145 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Panax ginseng for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Shergis, J. L. (2013) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · doi:10.25439/rmt.27582285 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06992-5.00010-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wightman, E. L. (2013) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)
Regulation of cellar cytokine production and NF-κB pathway by ginseng and ginsenosides
Zhou, Y. (2016) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · doi:10.25439/rmt.27581643
Place de la phytothérapie dans l'optimisation de l'effort du sportif
Cuaz, M. (2016) · HAL
Panax ginseng (Korean Ginseng)
Murray, M. T., & Nowicki, J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-43044-9.00099-6
Role of Phytochemicals, Proteins and Associated Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease
Rana, K. (2021) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2021.34724
Panax ginseng (Korean Ginseng)
Murray, M. T. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2333-5.00110-3
Ginseng and Ginsenosides in Depression
Naoi, M., Maruyama, W., & Nagai, M. S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_92
Carga de la vitalidad reducida en la población general y posible solución nutricional
Tardy, A.-L., Noah, L., Tavares, T., & Amand, C. (2024) · Evidence for Self-Medication · doi:10.52778/efsm.24.0010
Tardy, A.-L., Noah, L., Tavares, T., & Amand, C. (2024) · Evidence of self-medication · doi:10.52778/efsm.24.0009
Genel popülasyonda vitalite bozukluğu yükü ve potansiyel beslenme çözümü
Tardy, A.-L., Noah, L., Tavares, T., & Amand, C. (2024) · Evidence for Self-Medication · doi:10.52778/efsm.24.0012
Peso da falta de vitalidade na população em geral e eventual solução nutricional
Tardy, A.-L., Noah, L., Tavares, T., & Amand, C. (2024) · Evidence for Self-Medication · doi:10.52778/efsm.24.0011
Cannabinoids: Adaptogens or Not?
Karp, F., & León, I. E. (2025) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2024.0108
NATURAL COMPOUNDS FOR MENTAL WELLNESS: A FOCUS ON NEUROPROTECTIVE AND ADAPTOGENIC EFFECTS
Bharti, K. K., Ahmed, A., & Sinha, A. (2025) · doi:10.71058/jodac.v9i7012
- Authors
- Reay, J. L., Scholey, A. B., & Kennedy, D. O.
- Affiliations
- Northumbria University (GB)
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Reay, Jonathon L.
- Venue
- Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 462-471
- ISSN
- 0885-6222 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1077
- OpenAlex
- W2090945566
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TeesRep (Teesside University) (publishedVersion)
- Teesside University Research Portal (Teesside University) (submittedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (submittedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Keywords
- Panax ginseng, working memory, subjective mood, tranquility, mental arithmetic, dose-response relationship, healthy young adults
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Double-Blind Method, Mental Fatigue, Female, Panax, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Plant Extracts, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult
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