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Air pollution and risk of lung cancer in a prospective study in Europe
Open accessAbstract
To estimate the relationship between air pollution and lung cancer, a nested case‐control study was set up within EPIC (European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition). Cases had newly diagnosed lung cancer, accrued after a median follow‐up of 7 years among the EPIC exsmokers (since at least 10 years) and never smokers. Three controls per case were matched. Matching criteria were gender, age (±5 years), smoking status, country of recruitment and time elapsed between recruitment and diagnosis. We studied residence in proximity of heavy traffic roads as an indicator of exposure to air pollution. In addition, exposure to air pollutants (NO 2, PM10, SO 2) was assessed using concentration data from monitoring stations in routine air quality monitoring networks. Cotinine was measured in plasma. We found a nonsignificant association between lung cancer and residence nearby heavy traffic roads (odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.89–2.40). Exposure data for single pollutants were available for 197 cases and 556 matched controls. For NO 2 we found an odds ratio of 1.14 (95% CI, 0.78–1.67) for each increment of 10 μg/m 3, and an odds ratio of 1.30 (1.02–1.66) for concentrations greater than 30 μg/m 3. The association with NO 2 did not change after adjustment by cotinine and additional potential confounders, including occupational exposures. No clear association was found with other pollutants. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Previous epidemiological studies have linked the high burden of adenocarcinoma to long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution in transitioned countries.
“Previous epidemiological studies have linked the high burden of adenocarcinoma to long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution in transitioned countries [30][31][32] ; and, recently, a novel mechanism has been proposed on the underlying means by which air pollution causes adenocarcinoma.33”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
The introduction reports that previous prospective studies linked air pollution to lung cancer, and the Discussion reports an increased lung-cancer risk associated with traffic proximity or NO₂ exposure in European populations. The copy does not establish a link specifically to the high burden of adenocarcinoma or characterize the studied countries as “transitioned.” The supplied passages have section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- World Health Organization, 2001, Air quality guidelines for Europe
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Bray, F., Laversanne, M., Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Soerjomataram, I., & Jemal, A. (2024) · CA: a cancer journal for clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21834 · Cited by 27,064
“Previous epidemiological studies have linked the high burden of adenocarcinoma to long ‐ term exposure to outdoor air pollution in transitioned countries 30–32 ; and, recently, a novel mechanism has been proposed on the underlying means by which air pollution causes adenocarcinoma.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Vineis, P., Hoek, G., Krzyzanowski, M., Vigna‐Taglianti, F., Veglia, F., Airoldi, L., Autrup, H., Dunning, A., Garte, S., Hainaut, P., Malaveille, C., Matullo, G., Overvad, K., Raaschou‐Nielsen, O., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., Linseisen, J., Boeing, H., Trichopoulou, A., Palli, D., Peluso, M., Krogh, V., Tumino, R., Panico, S., Bueno‐De‐Mesquita, H. B., Peeters, P. H., Lund, E. E., Gonzalez, C. A., Martinez, C., Dorronsoro, M., Barricarte, A., Cirera, L., Quiros, J. R., Berglund, G., Forsberg, B., Day, N. E., Key, T. J., Saracci, R., Kaaks, R., & Riboli, E.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Institute for Scientific Interchange (IT)
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IT)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Aalborg University Hospital (DK)
- Danish Cancer Society (DK)
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DE)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IT)
- Federico II University Hospital (IT)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ES)
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (ES)
- Lund University (SE)
- Umeå University (SE)
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (GB)
- Cancer Research UK (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Vineis, Paolo
- ORCID
- Vineis, Paolo
- Hoek, Gerard
- Vigna‐Taglianti, Federica
- Veglia, Fabrizio
- Autrup, Herman
- Dunning, Alison
- Garte, Seymour
- Hainaut, Pierre
- Matullo, Giuseppe
- Overvad, Kim
- Raaschou‐Nielsen, Ole
- Boeing, Heiner
- Trichopoulou, Antonia
- Palli, Domenico
- Peluso, Marco
- Krogh, Vittorio
- Tumino, Rosario
- Panico, Salvatore
- Peeters, Petra H.
- Lund, E. Eylin
- Gonzalez, Carlos A.
- Barricarte, Aurelio
- Forsberg, Bertil
- Key, Tim J.
- Saracci, Rodolfo
- Kaaks, Rudolf
- Venue
- International Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-04-17
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 169-174
- ISSN
- 0020-7136 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0215
- OpenAlex
- W2060462691
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 10.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Rivm Repository (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Compagnia di San Paolo
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- Wellcome Trust
- European Commission
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Norges Forskningsråd
- Deutsche Krebshilfe
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- air pollution, lung cancer, nitrogen dioxide, PM10, sulfur dioxide, heavy traffic roads, residential exposure, cotinine, never smokers, former smokers, occupational exposure, confounding
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Air Pollution, Environmental Exposure, Europe, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Incidence, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Risk Assessment
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