The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nucleocapsid-independent assembly of coronavirus-like particles by co-expression of viral envelope protein genes.
Open accessAbstract
Budding of enveloped viruses has been shown to be driven by interactions between a nucleocapsid and a proteolipid membrane. By contrast, we here describe the assembly of viral envelopes independent of a nucleocapsid. Membrane particles containing coronaviral envelope proteins were assembled in and released from animal cells co‐expressing these proteins' genes from transfected plasmids. Of the three viral membrane proteins only two were required for particle formation, the membrane glycoprotein (M) and the small envelope protein (E). The spike (S) protein was dispensable but was incorporated when present. Importantly, the nucleocapsid protein (N) was neither required not taken into the particles when present. The E protein, recently recognized to be a structural protein, was shown to be an integral membrane protein. The envelope vesicles were found by immunogold labelling and electron microscopy to form a homogeneous population of spherical particles indistinguishable from authentic coronavirions in size (approximately 100 nm in diameter) and shape. They were less dense than virions and sedimented slightly slower than virions in sucrose velocity gradients. The nucleocapsid‐independent formation of apparently bona fide viral envelopes represents a novel mode of virus assembly.
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Cites
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Cited by
Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge
Schoeman, D., & Fielding, B. C. (2019) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-019-1182-0 · Cited by 2,074
The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses
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Self-citationCoronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
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Structural and Functional Analysis of the D614G SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variant
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vennema, H., Godeke, G. J., Rossen, J. W., Voorhout, W. F., Horzinek, M. C., Opstelten, D. J., & Rottier, P. J.
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 1996-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2020-2028
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2095988962
- Cited by
- 469
- References
- 42
- FWCI
- 11.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Vennema, H., Godeke, G. J., Rossen, J. W., Voorhout, W. F., Horzinek, M. C., Opstelten, D. J., & Rottier, P. J. (1996). Nucleocapsid-independent assembly of coronavirus-like particles by co-expression of viral envelope protein genes. The EMBO Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00553.x
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
