Integrating evidence‐based treatments for common mental disorders in routine primary care: feasibility and acceptability of the MANAS intervention in Goa, India
Open accessAbstract
Common mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, pose a major public health burden in developing countries. Although these disorders are thought to be best managed in primary care settings, there is a dearth of evidence about how this can be achieved in low resource settings. The MANAS project is an attempt to integrate an evidence based package of treatments into routine public and private primary care settings in Goa, India. Before initiating the trial, we carried out extensive preparatory work, over a period of 15 months, to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the planned intervention. This paper describes the systematic development and evaluation of the intervention through this preparatory phase. The preparatory stage, which was implemented in three phases, utilized quantitative and qualitative methods to inform our understanding of the potential problems and possible solutions in implementing the trial and led to critical modifications of the original intervention plan. Investing in systematic formative work prior to conducting expensive trials of the effectiveness of complex interventions is a useful exercise which potentially improves the likelihood of a positive result of such trials.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These factors limited access to interventions and the ability to fruitfully engage in programs, including difficulty or inability to travel, unavailability due to income or childcare obligations, unwillingness due to lack of monetary incentive, or inability to understand program materials.
“Oftentimes, these factors limited access to interventions and the ability to fruitfully engage in programs (e.g., difficulty or an inability to travel to intervention locations [53], an unavailability to participate due to a necessity to generate income or childcare obligations [47, 48], an unwillingness to participate due to lack of monetary incentive, or an inability in understanding program”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors
López, A. D., Mathers, C. D., Ezzati, M., Jamison, D. T. T., & Murray, C. J. L. (2006) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-6262-4 · Cited by 2,693 · see citing works
Designing and evaluating complex interventions to improve health care
Campbell, N. C., Murray, E., Darbyshire, J., Emery, J., Farmer, A., Griffiths, F., Guthrie, B., Lester, H., Wilson, P., & Kinmonth, A. L. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39108.379965.be · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Scale up services for mental disorders: a call for action
(2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61242-2 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
Ormel, E. A. J. (1995) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e536912011-072 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Group Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression in Rural Uganda: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bolton, P., Bass, J., Neugebauer, R., Verdeli, H., Clougherty, K. F., Wickramaratne, P., Speelman, L., Ndogoni, L., & Weissman, M. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3117 · Cited by 655 · cited 14× · see citing works
“First, we had initially conceptualized IPT as a group intervention with 8-12 sessions, based on the evidence available from the trial in Uganda (8).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationMental illness in general health care : an international study
Üstün, T. B., & Sartorius, N. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Mental Illness in General Health Care: An International Study
Morriss, R. K. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7006.696a · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Araya, R., Rojas, G., Fritsch, R., Gaete, J., Rojas, M., Simon, G., & Peters, T. J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12825-5 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Self-citationBower, P., Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Fletcher, J., & Sutton, A. (2006) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.023655 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Gender Disadvantage and Reproductive Health Risk Factors for Common Mental Disorders in Women
Patel, V., Kirkwood, B. R., Pednekar, S., Pereira, B., Barros, P., Fernandes, J., Datta, J., Pai, R., Weiss, H. A., & Mabey, D. C. W. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.404 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationPatel, V., Chisholm, D., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Dias-Saxena, F., Andrew, G., & Mann, A. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12119-8 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk factors for common mental disorders in women
Patel, V., Kirkwood, B. R., Pednekar, S., Weiss, H. A., & Mabey, D. C. W. (2006) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022558 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegration of mental health care into primary care
Chisholm, D., James, S., Sekar, K., Kumar, K., Murthy, R. S., Saeed, K., & Mubbashar, M. H. (2000) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.176.6.581 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
(2003) · PubMed · Cited by 175 · see citing works
World Health Organization's Mental Health Atlas 2005:implications for policy development.
Saxena, S., Sharan, P., Garrido‐Cumbrera, M., & Saraceno, B. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Linden, M., Lecrubier, Y., Bellantuono, C., Benkert, O., Kisely, S., & Simon, G. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004714-199904000-00007 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationAli, B. S., Rahbar, M. H., Naeem, S., Gul, A., Mubeen, S., & Iqbal, A. (2003) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Comprehensive integrated primary mental health care for South Africa. Pipedream or possibility?
Petersen, I. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00456-6 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The effectiveness of mental health services in primary care: The view from the developing world
COHEN, A. B. (2001) · LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationChronic fatigue in developing countries: population based survey of women in India
Patel, V., Kirkwood, B. R., Weiss, H. A., Pednekar, S., Fernandes, J., Pereira, B., Upadhye, M., & Mabey, D. C. W. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38442.636181.e0 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationCommon mental disorders and primary health care: current practice in low-income countries
Abas, M., Baingana, F., Broadhead, J., Iacoponi, E., & Vanderpyl, J. (2003) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220303954 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Implications for policy development
Brown, H. (2008) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Pharmacological Treatment of Severe Psychiatric Disorders in the Developing World
Patel, V., & Andrade, C. (2003) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200317150-00002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationPatel, V. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90083-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationLara, M. A., Navarro, C., Navarrete, L., et al. (2003) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
From policy to praxis : rethinking comprehensive integrated primary mental health care
Petersen, I. (2001) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Patel V. The epidemiology of common mental disorders in South Asia. NIMHANS Journal 1999;17:307-27.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Psychological Treatments for the World: Lessons from Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Singla, D. R., Kohrt, B. A., Murray, L. K., Anand, A., Chorpita, B. F., & Patel, V. (2017) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045217 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Self-citationPatel, V., Weiss, H. A., Chowdhary, N., Naik, S., Pednekar, S., Chatterjee, S., De Silva, M. J., Bhat, B., Araya, R., King, M., et al. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61508-5 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Self-citationBeaglehole, R., Epping-Jordan, J., Patel, V., Chopra, M., Ebrahim, S., Kidd, M., & Haines, A. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61404-x · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving access to psychological treatments: lessons from developing countries
Patel, V., Chowdhary, N., Rahman, A., & Verdeli, H. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.012 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citationCommunity mental health care worldwide: current status and further developments
Thornicroft, G., Deb, T., & Henderson, C. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20349 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Chowdhary, N., Jotheeswaran, A. T., Nadkarni, A., Hollon, S. D., King, M., Jordans, M. J. D., Rahman, A., Verdeli, H., Araya, R., & Patel, V. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713001785 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationGrand challenges: integrating mental health services into priority health care platforms
Patel, V., Belkin, G. S., Chockalingam, A., Cooper, J., Saxena, S., & Unützer, J. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001448 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationPatel, V., Weiss, H. A., Chowdhary, N., Naik, S., Pednekar, S., Chatterjee, S., Bhat, B., Araya, R., King, M., Simon, G., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.092155 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationPadmanathan, P., & De Silva, M. J. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.004 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Le, P. D., Eschliman, E. L., Grivel, M. M., Tang, J., Cho, Y. G., Yang, X., Tay, C., Li, T., Bass, J., & Yang, L. H. (2022) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01179-z · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Packages of care for depression in low- and middle-income countries
Patel, V., Simon, G., Chowdhary, N., Kaaya, S., & Araya, R. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000159 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationHo, S. C., Chong, H. Y., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Tangiisuran, B., & Jacob, S. A. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.029 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
O’Cathain, A., Thomas, K. J., Drabble, S. J., Rudolph, A., Goode, J., & Hewison, J. (2014) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta18380 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Petersen, I., Evans-Lacko, S., Semrau, M., Barry, M. M., Chisholm, D., Gronholm, P., Egbe, C. O., & Thornicroft, G. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0060-z · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Scaling up services for mental and neurological disorders in low-resource settings
Patel, V., Goel, D. S., & Desai, R. (2009) · International Health · doi:10.1016/j.inhe.2009.02.002 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationPatel, V., Weobong, B., Nadkarni, A., Weiss, H. A., Anand, A., Naik, S., Bhat, B., Pereira, J., Araya, R., Dimidjian, S., et al. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-101 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationNadkarni, A., Velleman, R., Dabholkar, H., Shinde, S., Bhat, B., McCambridge, J., Murthy, P., Wilson, T., Weobong, B., & Patel, V. (2015) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12653 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationPereira, B., Andrew, G., Pednekar, S., Kirkwood, B. R., & Patel, V. (2011) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-5-26 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationShinde, S., Andrew, G., Bangash, O., Cohen, A., Kirkwood, B., & Patel, V. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.002 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of psychiatric morbidity at Mobile Health Clinic in an urban community in North India
Salve, H., Goswami, K., Nongkynrih, B., Sagar, R., & Sreenivas, V. (2012) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.09.009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pal, A., Mukhopadhyay, P., & Dawar Pal, N. (2022) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221238 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- CHATTERJEE, S., CHOWDHARY, N., PEDNEKAR, S., COHEN, A., ANDREW, G., ANDREW, G., ARAYA, R., SIMON, G., KING, M., TELLES, S., VERDELI, H., CLOUGHERTY, K., KIRKWOOD, B., & PATEL, V.
- Affiliations
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Sangath (IN)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Group Health Cooperative (US)
- University College London (GB)
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (IN)
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-46
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC2359726
- OpenAlex
- W2155060791
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 9.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- common mental disorders, depression, anxiety, primary care, feasibility, acceptability, formative research, complex interventions, resource-limited settings, Goa
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
