The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Additive effects of weight-bearing exercise and estrogen on bone mineral density in older women
Abstract
The separate and combined effects of weight-bearing exercise and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) were studied in 32 women, 60 to 72 years of age. HRT consisted of continuous conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg/day and trimonthly medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg/day for 13 days. Exercise consisted of 2 months of low-intensity exercise followed by 9 months of more vigorous weight-bearing exercise ˜45 minutes/day, ≥3 days/week, at 65–85% of maximal heart rate. Lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD were significantly increased in response to exercise and to HRT, and total body BMD was significantly increased in response to HRT; neither exercise nor HRT had an effect on wrist BMD. The combination of exercise + HRT resulted in increased BMD at all sites except the wrist, with effects being additive for the lumbar spine and Ward's triangle and synergistic for the total body. Based on reductions in serum osteocalcin levels, it appears that increases in BMD in response to HRT and exercise + HRT were due to decreased bone turnover. The lack of change in serum osteocalcin and IGF-I in response to exercise alone suggests that increases in BMD were due to decreased bone resorption and not increased formation. Results indicate that weight-bearing exercise + HRT may be effective in preventing and/or treating osteoporosis. It is likely that the additive effects of weight-bearing exercise and HRT on bone mineral accretion, coupled with other adaptations to the exercise (i.e., increased strength and functional capacity), could effectively reduce the incidence of falls and osteoporotic fractures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activityA systematic review1 and 2
KAHN, E., RAMSEY, L., BROWNSON, R., HEATH, G., HOWZE, E., POWELL, K., STONE, E., RAJAB, M., & CORSO, P. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00434-8 · Cited by 2,022
Physical Activity and Bone Health
Kohrt, W. M., Bloomfield, S. A., Little, K. D., Nelson, M. E., & Yingling, V. R. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000142662.21767.58 · Cited by 1,043
Self-citationThe aging of Wolff’s “law”: Ontogeny and responses to mechanical loading in cortical bone
Pearson, O. M., & Lieberman, D. E. (2004) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20155 · Cited by 745
Heath, G. W., Brownson, R. C., Kruger, J., Miles, R., Powell, K. E., Ramsey, L. T., & _, _. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s55 · Cited by 703
Wolff, I., van Croonenborg, J. J., Kemper, H. C. G., Kostense, P. J., & Twisk, J. W. R. (1999) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s001980050109 · Cited by 589
Exercise comes of age: rationale and recommendations for a geriatric exercise prescription
Singh, M. A. F. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/57.5.m262 · Cited by 485
Exercise and Bone Mass in Adults
Guadalupe-Grau, A., Fuentes, T., Guerra, B., & Calbet, J. A. L. (2009) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200939060-00002 · Cited by 397
Dose-response of physical activity and low back pain, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis
VUORI, I. M. (2001) · Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00026 · Cited by 306
Martyn-St James, M., & Carroll, S. (2009) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.052704 · Cited by 299
Kohrt, W. M., Ehsani, A. A., & Birge, S. J. (1997) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.8.1253 · Cited by 271
Self-citationSIPILÄ, S., TAAFFE, D. R., CHENG, S., PUOLAKKA, J., TOIVANEN, J., & SUOMINEN, H. (2001) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs1010147 · Cited by 230
Shah, K., Armamento-Villareal, R., Parimi, N., Chode, S., Sinacore, D. R., Hilton, T. N., Napoli, N., Qualls, C., & Villareal, D. T. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.475 · Cited by 173
Kemmler, W., Shojaa, M., Kohl, M., & von Stengel, S. (2020) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-020-00744-w · Cited by 161
Controlled Endurance Exercise Training and VO 2max Changes in Older Adults: A Meta‐Analysis
Huang, G., Gibson, C. A., Tran, Z. V., & Osness, W. H. (2005) · Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1111/j.0197-3118.2005.04324.x · Cited by 161
Wu, J., Oka, J., Tabata, I., Higuchi, M., Toda, T., Fuku, N., Ezaki, J., Sugiyama, F., Uchiyama, S., Yamada, K., et al. (2006) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.060208 · Cited by 140
Weight lifted in strength training predicts bone change in postmenopausal women
CUSSLER, E. C., LOHMAN, T. G., GOING, S. B., HOUTKOOPER, L. B., METCALFE, L. L., FLINT-WAGNER, H. G., HARRIS, R. B., & TEIXEIRA, P. J. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200301000-00003 · Cited by 102
Bakker, A. D., Klein-Nulend, J., Tanck, E., Albers, G. H., Lips, P., & Burger, E. H. (2005) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-004-1785-0 · Cited by 68
Metadata
- Authors
- Kohrt, W. M., Snead, D. B., Slatopolsky, E., & Birge, S. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-09-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1303-1311
- ISSN
- 0884-0431 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-4681
- OpenAlex
- W1976930486
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 10.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
