Exercise training in obese older adults prevents increase in bone turnover and attenuates decrease in hip bone mineral density induced by weight loss despite decline in bone-active hormones
Open accessAbstract
Weight loss therapy to improve health in obese older adults is controversial because it causes further bone loss. Therefore, it is recommended that weight loss therapy should include an intervention such as exercise training (ET) to minimize bone loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the independent and combined effects of weight loss and ET on bone metabolism in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) in obese older adults. One-hundred-seven older (age >65 years) obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) adults were randomly assigned to a control group, diet group, exercise group, and diet-exercise group for 1 year. Body weight decreased in the diet (−9.6%) and diet-exercise (−9.4%) groups, not in the exercise (−1%) and control (−0.2%) groups (between-group p < 0.001). However, despite comparable weight loss, bone loss at the total hip was relatively less in the diet-exercise group (−1.1%) than in the diet group (−2.6%), whereas BMD increased in the exercise group (1.5%) (between-group p < 0.001). Serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and osteocalcin concentrations increased in the diet group (31% and 24%, respectively), whereas they decreased in the exercise group (−13% and −15%, respectively) (between-group p < 0.001). In contrast, similar to the control group, serum CTX and osteocalcin concentrations did not change in the diet-exercise group. Serum procollagen propeptide concentrations decreased in the exercise group (−15%) compared with the diet group (9%) (p = 0.04). Serum leptin and estradiol concentrations decreased in the diet (−25% and −15%, respectively) and diet-exercise (−38% and −13%, respectively) groups, not in the exercise and control groups (between-group p = 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that changes in lean body mass (β = 0.33), serum osteocalcin (β = −0.24), and one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength (β = 0.23) were independent predictors of changes in hip BMD (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of ET to weight loss therapy among obese older adults prevents weight loss–induced increase in bone turnover and attenuates weight loss–induced reduction in hip BMD despite weight loss–induced decrease in bone-active hormones. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
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Exercise training during calorie restriction prevents increases in bone turnover and serum sclerostin, thereby minimizing bone loss.
“Studies emphasize exercise training during calorie restriction to prevent an increase in bone turn-over327 and an increase in serum levels of sclerostin328, thus minimizing bone loss.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [327]
Multicomponent exercise training that included PRT of moderate-to-vigorous intensity prevented the increase in bone turnover and attenuated the decrease in hip BMD in frail older adults with obesity engaged in a weight loss intervention.
“Moreover, multicomponent exercise training that included PRT of moderate-to-vigorous intensity prevented the increase in bone turnover and attenuated the decrease in hip BMD in frail older adults with obesity engaged in a weight loss intervention [306].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [306]
Multicomponent exercise training that included PRT of moderate-to-vigorous intensity prevented increase in bone turnover and attenuated decrease in hip BMD in frail older adults with obesity engaged in a weight loss intervention.
“Moreover, multicomponent exercise training that included PRT of moderate-to-vigorous intensity prevented the increase in bone turnover and attenuated the decrease in hip BMD in frail older adults with obesity engaged in a weight loss intervention [306].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [306]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Shah, K., Armamento-Villareal, R., Parimi, N., Chode, S., Sinacore, D. R., Hilton, T. N., Napoli, N., Qualls, C., & Villareal, D. T.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Division of Endocrinology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine and New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Università Campus Bio-Medico (IT)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-07-22
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2851-2859
- ISSN
- 0884-0431 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-4681
- PMC
- PMC3206995
- OpenAlex
- W2004860521
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 9.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences
- National Institutes of Health (5p60dk020579-35, UL1TR000448, 7r01ag025501-06)
- National Institute on Aging (R01-AG025501)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK20579, P30-DK56341, P60-DK-020579, P30DK056341, P30DK020579)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024992)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007434)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Keywords
- exercise training, obesity, older adults, weight loss, bone mineral density, bone turnover, bone loss, C-terminal telopeptide, osteocalcin, leptin, estradiol, lean body mass, one-repetition maximum, bone metabolism, sex differences in bone loss
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Hip, Hormones, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Obesity, Regression Analysis, Biomarkers, Weight Loss, Exercise, Bone Density, Bone Remodeling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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