Novel GLP‐1 mimetics developed to treat type 2 diabetes promote progenitor cell proliferation in the brain
Abstract
One of the symptoms of diabetes is the progressive development of neuropathies. One mechanism to replace neurons in the CNS is through the activation of stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells. We have tested the effects of the novel GLP‐1 mimetics exenatide (exendin‐4; Byetta) and liraglutide (NN2211; Victoza), which are already on the market as treatments for type 2 diabetes, on the proliferation rate of progenitor cells and differentiation into neurons in the dentate gyrus of brains of mouse models of diabetes. GLP‐1 analogues were injected subcutaneously for 4, 6, or 10 weeks once daily in three mouse models of diabetes: ob/ob mice, db/db mice, or high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice. Twenty‐four hours before perfusion, animals were injected with 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) to mark dividing progenitor cells. By using immunohistochemistry and stereological methods, the number of progenitor cells or doublecortin‐positive young neurons in the dentate gyrus was estimated. We found that, in all three mouse models, progenitor cell division was enhanced compared with nondiabetic controls after chronic i.p. injection of either liraglutide or exendin‐4 by 100–150% ( P < 0.001). We also found an increase in young neurons in the DG of high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice after drug treatment ( P < 0.001). The GLP‐1 receptor antagonist exendin(9–36) reduced progenitor cell proliferation in these mice. The results demonstrate that GLP‐1 mimetics show promise as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, because these novel drugs cross the blood–brain barrier and increase neuroneogenesis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogues enter the brain through blood brain barrier.
“In addition, GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogues enter the brain through blood brain barrier [83–86].”
From Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1-Based Therapies beyond Glucose Control (2016) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Hamilton, A., Patterson, S., Porter, D., Gault, V. A., & Holscher, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-01-10
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 481-489
- ISSN
- 0360-4012 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4547
- OpenAlex
- W2077445047
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 5.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- ResearchOnline (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- GLP-1 receptor agonists, exenatide, liraglutide, type 2 diabetes, neural progenitor cells, progenitor cell proliferation, dentate gyrus, neurogenesis, diabetic neuropathy, ob/ob mice, db/db mice, high-fat diet, Alzheimer's disease, blood-brain barrier
- MeSH terms
- Liraglutide, Exenatide, Animals, Brain, Cell Differentiation, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Disease Models, Animal, Hypoglycemic Agents, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Neurons, Peptides, Venoms, Dentate Gyrus, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells
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