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Cited by 120Spinal Fractures and Fixation TechniquesBone health and osteoporosis researchSpine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology

Biomechanical consequences of an isolated overload on the human vertebral body

Kopperdahl, David L., Pearlman, Jonathan L., Keaveny, Tony M.·2000·Journal of Orthopaedic Research
DOI 10.1002/jor.1100180502
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Abstract

The biomechanical consequences of an isolated overload to the vertebral body may play a role in the etiology of vertebral fracture. In this context, we quantified residual strains and reductions in stiffness and ultimate load when vertebral bodies were loaded to various levels beyond the elastic regimen and related these properties to the externally applied strain and bone density. Twenty‐three vertebral bodies (T11‐L4, from 23 cadavers aged 20–90 years) were loaded once in compression to a randomized nominal strain level between 0.37 and 4.5%, unloaded, and then reloaded to 10% strain. Residual strains of up to 1.36% developed on unloading and depended on the applied strain (r 2 = 0.85) but not on density (p = 0.25). Percentage reductions in stiffness and ultimate load of up to 83.7 and 52.5%, respectively, depended on both applied strain (r 2 = 0.90 and r 2 = 0.32, respectively) and density (r 2 = 0.23 and r 2 = 0.22, respectively). Development of residual strains is indicative of permanent deformations, whereas percentage reductions in stiffness are direct measures of effective mechanical damage. These results therefore demonstrate that substantial mechanical damage—which is not visible from radiographs—can develop in the vertebral body after isolated overloads, as well as subtle but significant permanent deformations. This behavior is similar to that observed previously for cylindrical cores of trabecular bone. Taken together, these findings indicate that the damage behavior of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebral body is dominated by the trabecular bone and may be an important factor in the etiology of vertebral fracture.

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  • These effects occur in trabecular samples and in the entire vertebral body.

    “These effects occur in trabecular samples and in the entire vertebral body (81)”

    From Bone Mechanical Properties in Healthy and Diseased States (2018) · cites this paper as [81]

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Authors
Kopperdahl, D. L., Pearlman, J. L., & Keaveny, T. M.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Keaveny, Tony M.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Orthopaedic Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2000-09
Volume
18
Issue
5
Pages
685-690
ISSN
  • 0736-0266 (ISSN-L)
  • 1554-527X
DOI
10.1002/jor.1100180502
OpenAlex
W2087738478
Cited by
120
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
FWCI
3.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1631 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Orthopaedic Research® (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Stryker
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR41481)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Keywords
vertebral body, residual strain, bone stiffness, ultimate load, bone mineral density, trabecular bone, mechanical damage, compressive loading, permanent deformation, lumbar vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cadaver, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Middle Aged, Random Allocation, Stress, Mechanical, Thoracic Vertebrae, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Bone Density, Weight-Bearing, Pliability, Compressive Strength

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