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A review of the occurrence, metabolites and health risks of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)

Zhang, Xiao‐Jing, Diao, Mei‐ning, Zhang, Yin‐Feng·2023·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
DOI 10.1002/jsfa.12676
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Abstract

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is mainly used as a food additive due to its antioxidant properties, which prevent or delay oxidation reactions and extend the storage life of products. The widespread use of BHA has led to its extensive presence in various environmental matrices and human tissues. Food intake is the main route of human exposure to BHA. Under different conditions, BHA can produce different metabolites, with tert‐butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) being one of the major products. Several studies have shown that BHA could cause thyroid system damage, metabolic and growth disorders, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. Mechanisms such as endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, disturbances of energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signaling pathways, and imbalances in calcium homeostasis appear to be associated with the toxic effects of BHA. Avoiding the toxic effects of BHA to the maximum extent possible is a top priority. Finding safe, non‐toxic and environmentally friendly alternatives to BHA should be the focus of subsequent research. In all, this review summarized the current situation related to BHA and might make recommendations for future research directions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Zhang, X., Diao, M., & Zhang, Y.
Affiliations
Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-05-16
Volume
103
Issue
13
Pages
6150-6166
ISSN
  • 0022-5142
  • 1097-0010
DOI
10.1002/jsfa.12676
Cited by
65
References
3
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China

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