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Cited by 25Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

Fluid vulnerability theory as a framework for understanding the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide: a narrative review

Rugo‐Cook, Kelsi F., Kerig, Patricia K., Crowell, Sheila E., Bryan, Craig J.·2021·Journal of Traumatic Stress
DOI 10.1002/jts.22782
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Abstract

Suicide is a persistent issue in the United States and across the globe. A large body of published research shows that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases the risk of suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviors, and death by suicide. However, the existing literature examining why that association might pertain is widely dispersed across disciplines (e.g., psychology, nursing) and lacks an integrative theoretical framework, making it difficult to conceptualize the current state of science in this area. Therefore, the primary aims of this narrative review were to (a) provide a comprehensive and interdisciplinary critique of the current state of knowledge regarding mechanisms that underlie the association between PTSD and suicide and (b) organize that knowledge according to a specified theoretical framework. The framework guiding this review is "fluid vulnerability theory," a diathesis-stress model of suicide that emphasizes the dynamic nature of suicide risk across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological domains. A summary of the findings, including patterns that emerged, gaps that remain, and recommendations for the advancement of science and practice in this area are addressed in this narrative review.

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Crossref · 10.1002/jts.22782

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  • Hyperarousal is a key diagnostic feature of both PTSD and the suicide crisis.

    “Given that hyperarousal is a key diagnostic feature of both PTSD and the suicide crisis (Rogers et al., 2017; Rugo-Cook et al., 2021)”

    From Clinical indicators of the suicide crisis and response to ketamine (2025) · cites this paper as Rugo-Cook et al., 2021

  • Traumatic stress has been linked to short and long-term suicide risk and has been shown to decrease in relation to ketamine administration.

    “Traumatic stress has also been linked to short and long-term suicide risk (Rugo-Cook et al., 2021) and has been shown to decrease in relation to ketamine administration (Feder et al., 2014).”

    From Clinical indicators of the suicide crisis and response to ketamine (2025) · cites this paper as Rugo-Cook et al., 2021

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Authors
Rugo‐Cook, K. F., Kerig, P. K., Crowell, S. E., & Bryan, C. J.
Affiliations
  • Department of Psychology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
  • University of Utah (US)
  • The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Traumatic Stress
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-12
Volume
34
Issue
6
Pages
1080-1098
ISSN
  • 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-6598
DOI
10.1002/jts.22782
OpenAlex
W4200006326
Cited by
25
References
137
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
FWCI
0.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 7 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, diathesis-stress model, suicidal ideation, suicide risk factors, dynamic vulnerability
MeSH terms
Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Suicide, United States, Suicidal Ideation

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